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Teodora B. Toshova Éva Csonka Mitko A. Subchev Miklós Tóth 《Journal of pest science》2009,82(3):295-303
Using allyl-isothiocyanate-baited traps, we recorded six species of flea beetles in cabbage and horseradish crops in the region
of Sofia, Bulgaria in 2006 and 2007. The most abundant species in the traps was Ph. cruciferae (92–96%) followed by Ph. vittula, Ph. undulata and Ph. nigripes. The overwintering adults of these species emerge before the beginning of April and are active to the end of May–beginning
of June. Catches of adults of the new generation occurred from the end of June–beginning of July to the second half of October–beginning
of November. In 2006, air temperature and humidity strongly influenced the catches of the flea beetles. Investigations of
the reproductive status of field collected females of Ph. cruciferae showed that this species develops one generation per year in the region. The results of this study can be used in integrated
pest management approach to flea beetles control. 相似文献
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Enikő Kubinyi Péter Pongrácz Ádám Miklósi 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2009,4(1):31-41
In human communities social learning (i.e., learning by the observation of knowledgeable individuals) plays an important role; it shapes cultures, traditions, and cognition. Dogs seem to be an ideal system for modeling human cognition from the social learning aspect. The present review offers a short overview on the relevant general theories of social learning, discusses the adaptive value of social learning, introduces dog as a model system, presents evidence for different forms of social learning in dogs and argues for practical implications that social learning might have in this species. 相似文献
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Borbála D. Harrach József Fodor Miklós Pogány Jutta Preuss Balázs Barna 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,121(1):21-33
Leaves of powdery mildew-susceptible barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Ingrid) and related near-isogenic lines bearing various resistance genes (Mla12, Mlg or mlo5) were inoculated with Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei race A6. Fungal attack induced several-fold increases in ethylene emission and electrolyte leakage in leaves of susceptible
Ingrid beginning 3 days after inoculation. Activities of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes were induced markedly in susceptible leaves 5–7 days
after inoculation. Similar, but less pronounced pathogen-induced changes were detected in inoculated leaves of Mla-type resistant
plants that show hypersensitive cell death upon inoculation, and, to an even lesser extent, in the Mlg and mlo lines, where
no visible symptoms accompanied the incompatible interaction. Glutathione content increased only in susceptible barley 7 days
after inoculation. Catalase activity, total ascorbate content and redox state were not influenced by inoculation in any of
the genotypes. The activity of dehydroascorbate reductase was significantly reduced 3–5 days after inoculation in the susceptible
parental plants and after 5 days in Mla and Mlg lines, while it was stable in the mlo barley. Slightly elevated levels of
H2O2 were observed in the inoculated resistant plants. In contrast, H2O2 content decreased in the susceptible line 7 days after pathogen attack. These data indicate that high levels of antioxidants
are involved in the compatible interaction of susceptible barley and powdery mildew by protecting the pathogen from oxidative
damage. 相似文献
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Koczor S Szentkirályi F Birkett MA Pickett JA Voigt E Tóth M 《Pest management science》2010,66(12):1374-1379
BACKGROUND: The deployment of synthetic attractants for the manipulation of lacewing populations as aphid predators is currently used in integrated pest management. This study investigates a synthetic bait comprising floral compounds previously found to attract the Chrysoperla carnea complex, and, for the first time, the aphid sex pheromone components (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)‐nepetalactol and (4aS,7S,7aR)‐nepetalactone, in field experiments in Hungary, for their ability to manipulate lacewing populations. RESULTS: The synthetic floral bait attracted both sexes of the Chrysoperla carnea complex, and Chrysopa formosa Brauer showed minimal attraction. The aphid sex pheromone compounds alone attracted males of C. formosa and C. pallens (Rambur). When the two baits were combined, Chrysopa catches were similar to those with aphid sex pheromone baits alone, but carnea complex catches decreased significantly (by 85–88%). CONCLUSION: As the floral bait alone attracted both sexes of the carnea complex, it showed potential to manipulate the location of larval density via altering the site of oviposition. Aphid sex pheromone compounds alone attracted predatory males of Chrysopa spp. and can potentially be used to enhance biological control of aphids. For the carnea complex, however, a combination of both baits is not advantageous because of the decrease in adults attracted. Assumptions of intraguild avoidance underlying this phenomenon are discussed. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Jakab C Rusvai M Szabó Z Gálfi P Marosán M Kulka J Gál J 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2011,59(1):99-112
In this study, synchronous spontaneous, independent liver and gallbladder tumours were detected in a Bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps). The multiple tumours consisted of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma as well as in situ adenocarcinoma and two adenomas of the gallbladder. The biliary epithelial cells and the cholangiocarcinoma showed membranous cross-immunoreactivity for claudin-7. The gallbladder epithelial cells, its adenoma and adenocarcinoma showed basolateral cross-reactivity for claudin-7. We think that the humanised anti-claudin-7 antibody is a good marker for the detection of different primary cholangiocellular and gallbladder tumours in Bearded dragons. The cholangiocytes, the cholangiocarcinoma, the endothelial cells of the liver and the epithelial cells and gallbladder tumours all showed claudin-5 cross-reactivity. The humanised anti-cytokeratin AE1-AE3 antibody showed cross-reactivity in the biliary epithelial cells, cholangiocarcinoma cells, epithelial cells and tumour cells of the gallbladder. It seems that this humanised antibody is a useful epithelial marker for the different neoplastic lesions of epithelial cells in reptiles. The humanised anti-α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) antibody showed intense cross-reactivity in the smooth muscle cells of the hepatic vessels and in the muscle layer of the gallbladder. The portal myofibroblasts, the endothelial cells of the sinusoids and the stromal cells of the cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder tumours were positive for α-SMA. The antibovine anti-vimentin and humanised anti-Ki-67 antibodies did not show crossreactivity in the different samples from the Bearded dragon. 相似文献
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