A Comparative Study on Some Functional and Antioxidant Properties of Kilka Meat,Fishmeal, and Stickwater Protein Hydrolysates

This study determined some antioxidative activities and functional properties of hydrolyzed proteins prepared from kilka (Clupeonella sp.) meat (KMH), kilka fishmeal (KFH), and stickwater (SWH). The highest degree of hydrolysis (DH) was 25.02% (p < 0.05) in SWH; however, the difference in DH between KMH and KFH was not significant. KFH had the highest protein content (85.69%) compared with other hydrolysis samples. The Fourier transform infrared spectra of KFH had the highest amide absorption picks (p < 0.05). Solubility at neutral pH was 84.09%, 86.00%, and 93.08% for KMH, KFH, and SWH, respectively. The highest fat absorption capacity was obtained with KFH (204 mg/50 mg). KFH also showed the best foaming properties with 25.66% foaming capacity and proper stability during 60 min (p < 0.05). The highest and lowest whiteness values were obtained in KMH (72.33%) and SWH (36.54%), respectively (p < 0.05). The highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (IC₅₀ value of 1.99 mg/mL) and 2,2?-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) (IC₅₀ value of 2.00 mg/mL) radical scavenging activities were measured at the highest concentrations (40 mg/mL) in KFH (p < 0.05). KFH had the best functional and antioxidant properties, while SWH had a strong ability to inhibit lipid oxidation. Therefore, stickwater from fishmeal production factories is a potential resource for use in developing value-added products instead of being discarded.     

Comparative study of the effects of gentamicin, neomycin, streptomycin and ofloxacin antibiotics on sperm parameters and testis apoptosis in rats

The aim of this study was to investigate the comparative effects of aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones on testis apoptosis and sperm parameters in rats. Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control (n = 10) and experimental (n = 40) groups. The experimental groups subdivided into four groups often. Each received 5 mg kg(-1) (IP) gentamicin, 50 mg kg(-1) (IP) neomycin, 40 mg kg(-1) (IP) streptomycin and 72 mg kg(-1) (IP) ofloxacin daily for 14 days, respectively; however, the control group just received vehicle (IP). In the fourteenth day, rats were killed and sperm analyzed for sperm parameters. Testis tissues were also prepared for TUNEL assay for detection of apoptosis. There was a significant decrease in sperm count, viability and motility in all of experimental groups when compared with control group. Although in streptomycin group these parameters were less decreased than in the other experimental groups. The apoptotic cells were significantly increased in all experimental groups when compared with those seen in the controlled group. Gentamicin, neomycin and streptomycin and ofloxacin have negative effects on sperm parameters and testis apoptosis in rats. However, these side effects are less seen in the streptomycin group. Therefore, it is recommended that usage of this drug have fewer side effects on male fertility.