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1.
Polysaccharide-induced protection of carp, Cyprinus carpio L., against bacterial infection 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Abstract. The efficacy of 10 polysaccharides (curdlan, inulin, krestin, laminaran, lentinan, levan, schizophylian, selerogiucan, yeast glucan and zymosan) to enhance protection of carp, Cyprinus carpio L., against bacterial infection was investigated. Carp were intraperitoneally injected with the polysaceharides (2–l0 mgkg-1 ) on days 1 and 4, and challenged with Edwardsiella tarda on day 7. Among the polysaccharides tested, lentinan, schizophyllan and scleroglucan, which are l,6-branchcd-β-l,3-glucans, significantly increased the survival rate. They also induced a protective effect against Aeromonas hydrophila at a dose of 5 mg kg-1 . The ability of the polysaccharides to activate the alternative complement pathway (ACP) was examined by incubating the polysaccharides with carp serum and measuring the residual ACP activity. At a final concentration of 0.l mgml-1 , l,6-branched-β-1,3-glucans greatly reduced (76–77%) the ACP activity. Therefore, it is suggested that the protective effect of the l,6-branched-β-1,3-glucans may be associated with the activation of ACP. 相似文献
2.
Ryota MATSUYAMA Naotoshi KUNINAGA Tomoya MORIMOTO Tetsuya SHIBANO Akiko SUDO Kazunari SUDO Makoto ASANO Masatsugu SUZUKI Tetsuo ASAI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(9):1179-1181
Plesiomonas shigelloides is a causal agent of gastroenteritis, sepsis
and meningitis in humans. We examined the prevalence of P. shigelloides
among great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo hanedae) in Japan and the
antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates. P. shigelloides was isolated
from 33 (47.8%) of 69 fecal samples from great cormorants in 2014. All 33 isolates were
subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using broth microdilution methods, which
showed resistance to ampicillin (31 isolates, 93.9%), tetracycline (two isolates, 6.1%)
and trimethoprim (one isolate, 3.0%). The high prevalence of P.
shigelloides in the great cormorants implicates the possible microbiological
risk to public health. 相似文献
3.
Hiroshi KAGAMI Jun YASUDA Takahiro TAGAMI Mitsuru NAITO Yuko MATSUBARA Takashi HARUMI Takamasa NOGUCHI Yasuhiro YAMAMOTO Taikai TAKAHASHI Junichi MATSUYAMA Hiroyuki KOMATSU Tamao ONO 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(6):453-456
Effect of the strain combination of the donor and recipient on production efficiency of W‐bearing sperm in mixed‐sex chimeric testes was analyzed. The combinations of the donors and recipients were White Leghorn (WL) and Rhode Island Red (RIR), and vice versa. Generated mixed‐sex chimeras that had the male phenotype at sexual maturity were classified into four groups: (1) a female WL donor and a male RIR recipient; (2) a male WL donor and a female RIR recipient; (3) a female RIR donor and a male WL recipient; (4) a male RIR donor and a female WL recipient. The mean number of W‐bearing sperm detected by in situ hybridization among 10 000 sperm observed were 147, 165, 30 and 45 in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The numbers in groups 1 and 2 were both significantly higher than those of groups 3 and 4 (P < 0.05). The combination of a WL donor and a RIR recipient produced W‐bearing sperm more efficiently than the reverse combination. 相似文献
4.
Yasuyuki TANAHASHI Ban WANG Yuri MURAKAMI Toshihiro UNNO Hayato MATSUYAMA Hiroshi NAGANO Seiichi KOMORI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(2):203-211
In order to investigate the effects of (SKF), which is a non-selective cationic channel blocker, on
K+ channel currents, we recorded currents through ATP sensitive K+ (IKATP),
voltage-gated K+ (IKv) and Ca2+ activated K+ channels
(IBK) in the absence and presence of SKF in single small intestinal myocytes of mice with
patch-clamp techniques. SKF (10 µM) reversibly abolished IKATP that was induced by
cromakalim (10 µM), which is a selective ATP sensitive K+ channel opener. These
inhibitory effects were induced in a concentration-dependent and voltage-independent manner. The 50%
inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 0.85 µM, which was obviously lower than that
reported for the muscarinic cationic current. In addition, SKF (1 µM ≈ the IC50
value in IKATP suppression) reversibly inhibited the IKv that was induced by repetitive
depolarizing pulses from −80 to 20 mV. However, the extent of the inhibitory effects was only ~30%. In
contrast, SKF (1 µM) had no significant effects on spontaneous transient IBK and
caffeine-induced IBK. These results indicated that SKF inhibited ATP sensitive K+
channels and voltage-gated K+ channels, with the ATP sensitive K+ channels being more
sensitive than the voltage-gated K+ channels. These inhibitory effects on K+ channels
should be considered when SKF is used as a cationic channel blocker. SKF96365相似文献
5.
6.
Satoshi MATSUYAMA Munmun PERVIN Minto NAKAGAWA Takeshi IZAWA Mitsuru KUWAMURA Jyoji YAMATE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(9):1435
Properties of macrophages and lymphocytes appearing in renal fibrosis remains to be investigated. F344 rats were injected once a week with cisplatin (2 mg/kg body weight) for 8 weeks and examined at post-final injection weeks 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12. Rats developed progressive renal fibrosis at weeks 1 to 6 as fibrosis-progress phase, and subsequent amelioration at weeks 9 and 12. CD68+ M1-macrophages and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II+ macrophages remarkably increased persistently, whereas CD163+ M2-macrophages slightly increased. MHC class II+/CD68+ and MHC class II+/CD163+ macrophages were present, indicating that MHC class II+ macrophages might have both functions of M1- and M2-macrophages. In the fibrosis-progress phase, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ for M1-factors, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and IL-10 for M2-factors tended to increase; tissue injury by M1 and fibrosis by M2 might have occurred simultaneously. Lots of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells appeared in close relation with MHC class II+ macrophages, and mainly CD4+ T cells formed aggregations. In the lymphocyte aggregates collected by laser microdissection, expression of IL-17A (for Th17 cells) and forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) (for Treg) significantly increased at weeks 1 and 6, respectively; presumably, Th17 cells might be involved in tissue injury, whereas Treg might be related to fibrosis amelioration. These results suggested that macrophages and T cells may contribute interrelatedly to renal fibrosis. 相似文献
7.
Kohei OHTA Sonoko YAMAGUCHI Akihiko YAMAGUCHI Koichi OKUZAWA Koichiro GEN Hirohiko KAGAWA Michiya MATSUYAMA 《Fisheries Science》2002,68(3):680-687
ABSTRACT: The red seabream Pagrus major is a useful experimental fish for studying the endocrine control of oogenesis in teleosts. This study investigated the steroidogenic pathway for estradiol-17β (E2) biosynthesis in the ovarian follicles of red seabream. Intact follicles were isolated during vitellogenesis and incubated in vitro with different radiolabeled steroid precursors. When 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-P), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), or androstenedione (AD) were used as precursors, both testosterone (T) and estrone (E1) were synthesized by follicles, leading to estradiol-17β (E2) production. Serum steroid levels measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that T, E1, and E2 were present in the circulation at levels ranging from 1 ng/mL to 2 ng/mL throughout the day during the spawning season. In vitro conversion of E1 into E2, however, was 15.8-fold greater than T conversion into E2, suggesting that E2 is synthesized mainly via E1 rather than T. The results showed that E2 was synthesized from pregnenolone via 17-hydroxypregnenolone, DHEA, AD, and E1. Thus, the study demonstrated the complete steroidogenic E2 synthesis pathway in the ovarian follicles of red seabream, and revealed that E1 is the major precursor of E2. 相似文献
8.
Chuncheng XU Yimin CAI Michiru FUKASAWA Hiroki MATSUYAMA Naoko MORIYA 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(5):575-581
Four wethers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square to study the feed intake, apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance and ruminal fermentation characteristics when fed total mixed ration (TMR) silages which included wet barley tea grounds (WBTG). The TMR silages were prepared using compound feed including wet brewers' grains (WBG), corn, oat hay, alfalfa hay, dried beet pulp, salt and vitamin-mineral supplement in a ratio of 30.7:15:8:24:10:12:0.15:0.15, respectively, on a dry matter (DM) basis. The WBTG and soybean meal mixture (7:3 on DM basis) were substituted for WBG at ratio of 0% (Control), 5% (LTG), 10% (MTG), and 15% (HTG) on DM of TMR. WBTG addition to the TMR silages increased lactic acid concentration, decreased pH, acetic acid and ammonia-N ( P < 0.001). Feed intakes and digestibilities for LTG and MTG (except ether extract (EE) digestibility) treatments were not different from the control ( P > 0.05). However, EE and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake, crude protein, EE and NDF digestibility was lower, but the DM and gross energy digestibility was higher for the HTG treatment compared to control ( P < 0.01). With progressive increases in WBTG concentrations, nitrogen intake, fecal nitrogen and retention nitrogen did not differ, but the urinary nitrogen for MTG and HTG treatments were lower than that of the control ( P = 0.001). The ruminal total volatile fatty acid concentration and the molar ratios of propionate and butyrate were higher, but the acetate, ratio of acetate to propionate and ammonia-N content were lower for the HTG treatment compared with the control ( P < 0.05). Therefore, the possible proportion of replacing WBG with WBTG for TMR silage can be 10% or less of the diet DM. 相似文献
9.
Kenji HOSODA Makoto MIYAJI Hiroki MATSUYAMA Yasuhiko IMAI Kazuhisa NONAKA 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(3):220-226
Two feeding trials were performed to evaluate the effect of soy sauce cake (SSC) on digestibility, ruminal fermentation and nitrogen (N) balance as well as methane production in Holstein steers. Six animals received a diet without or with the SSC at 10% (Experiment 1) and 20% (Experiment 2) in a 2 × 2 crossover design with a balance trial and respiratory exchange measurement. The SSC feeding showed a strongly inhibitory effect on methane production when its proportion was elevated up to 20%. The digestibility of nutrients with the 10% SSC treatment was similar to that of the control, whereas that for the 20% SSC treatment was significantly decreased in comparison with the control. The 20% SSC treatment also inhibited ruminal fermentation. A lower N partition to urine and a higher N partition to retention were observed in the animals receiving the 20% SSC treatment. These results suggested that SSC feeding at 20% suppressed methane production and changed the N balance; however, the feeding level of 20% caused deterioration in some productive aspects, such as nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation. In addition, a feeding level of SSC at 10% of the diet should be considered a reasonable level in cattle. 相似文献
10.
Makoto MIYAJI Hiroki MATSUYAMA Kenji HOSODA Kazuhisa NONAKA 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(8):585-593
Nine multiparous Holstein cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design to determine the effects of substituting corn grain with brown rice (BR) grain in total mixed ration (TMR) silage on milk yield, ruminal fermentation and nitrogen (N) balance. The TMR silages were made from the ensiling of TMR containing (dry matter basis) 50.1% forage in rice silage and corn silage combination, and 49.9% concentrate. The grain portion of the diets contained 31.2% steam‐flaked corn, 31.2% steam‐flaked BR or an equal mixture of corn and BR. Dietary treatments did not affect dry matter intake, milk yield and milk fat, protein and lactose yields. The ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid concentrations were not affected by dietary treatment. The urinary N excretion decreased linearly (P < 0.01) in response to increased levels of BR, with no dietary effect on N intake, N secretion in milk and fecal N excretion. Our results indicate that steam‐flaked BR is a suitable replacement for steam‐flaked corn in dairy cow diets, and that it can be included in rations to a level of at least 31.2% of dry matter without adverse effects on milk production, when cows were fed rice silage and corn silage‐based diets. 相似文献