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Effects of feeding and animal performance on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium excretion by Holstein cows 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hideki KOJIMA Shin-ichi KUME Kazuhisa NONAKA Tomoko OSHITA Takaharu KOZAKAI Hiroyuki HIROOKA 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(2):139-145
Thirty‐four Holstein dry cows and 16 lactating cows were used in balance trials to identify the effects of feeding and animal performance on nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) excretion by dairy cows, and to develop prediction models for these excreta. Orchard grass silage, corn silage, alfalfa silage or timothy hay were offered to dry cows. Orchard grass silage or alfalfa silage, and concentrates were offered to lactating cows. In the statistical analysis, the independent variables were bodyweight (kg), dry matter (DM) intake (kg/day), milk yield (for lactating cows only, kg/day), water intake (free water plus water in feed, kg/day), intake (g/day) of N, P and K and dietary contents (% of DM) of crude protein, P and K. The dependent variables were N, P and K excretion (g/day) in feces and urine. In both dry and lactating cows, intake of N, P and K had large effects on corresponding excretion. The results indicated that a decrease in the intake of N, P and K could decrease the corresponding excretion. Further research by path analysis showed that K intake positively affected urinary N excretion in dry cows indirectly, through water intake and urine volume. 相似文献
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Toru TANIUCHI Takayuki KANAYA Shuuichi UWABE Takahito KOJIMA Seiji AKIMOTO Isamu MITANI 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(5):845-851
ABSTRACT: Age and growth of alfonsino Beryx splendens (Lowe) were studied using counts of presumed daily incremental growth rings on the transverse section of otoliths of fish collected from the Kanto District, central Japan. Microstructural growth increments were observed from the core to the outermost margin of the broadest of approximately 50 branches formed on the surface of an otolith. Of 98 otoliths examined, 46 were readable. The number of increments and fish lengths ranged from 448 (218 mm fork length [FL]) to 3701 (411 mm FL). The ages of these fish were estimated to be 1 year, 2 months and 10 years, 2 months, respectively, assuming that an increment was formed daily. The von Bertalanffy growth equation combined for males and females was expressed as follows: L t = 542 {1 − exp [−0.133( t + 2.00)]}, where L t is fork length (mm) at yearly age t . The results of the present study were compared with those of other researchers who had studied alfonsino from central Japan. 相似文献
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Toshihisa SUGINO Yuko KAWAKITA Rika FUKUMORI Yoshihisa HASEGAWA Masayasu KOJIMA Kenji KANGAWA Taketo OBITSU Kohzo TANIGUCHI 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(2):199-204
Two experiments were conducted to elucidate the effects of post‐ruminal administration of starch and casein (Exp. 1), plasma amino acids concentrations (Exp. 2), and plasma glucose and insulin concentrations (Exp. 2) on plasma ghrelin concentrations in sheep. In Exp. 1, plasma ghrelin concentrations were determined by four infusion treatments (water, cornstarch, casein and cornstarch plus casein) in four wethers. Abomasal infusion of casein increased plasma α‐amino N (AAN) concentrations. Infusion of starch or casein alone did not affect plasma ghrelin concentrations, but starch plus casein infusion increased plasma levels of ghrelin, glucose and AAN. In Exp 2, we investigated the effects of saline or amino acids on ghrelin secretion in four wethers. Two hours after the initiation of saline or amino acid infusion into the jugular vein, glucose was also continuously infused to investigate the effects of blood glucose and insulin by hyper‐glycemic clump on plasma ghrelin concentrations. Infusion of amino acids alone raised plasma levels of ghrelin, but the higher plasma glucose and insulin concentrations had no effect on plasma ghrelin concentrations. These results suggest that high plasma levels of amino acids can stimulate ghrelin secretion, but glucose and insulin do not affect ghrelin secretion in sheep. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study is to quantify the rice harvest losses in China and to evaluate the impacts of machinery and harvest outsourcing services on these losses, given the background of high-speed mechanization and outsourcing services. Data were collected from a national survey conducted in 2016 by the research team in conjunction with the Research Center for the Rural Economy of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China. A non-parametric method was used to test whether combine harvesting and outsourcing services could significantly reduce harvest losses. Next, quantile regression was used to estimate the real effects of machinery and outsourcing services on harvest losses. The analysis yielded four main study outcomes. First, the harvest loss rate of rice in China was 3.65%. Second, mechanical reaping and winnowing caused greater losses than manual methods, while the opposite was true of field transportation. Third, combine harvesting increased the losses. Fourth, the effects of an outsourcing service on losses differed among the different harvesting methods. Outsourcing services increased losses in segmented harvesting but they reduced losses in combine harvesting. 相似文献
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YOSHIAKI HIKASA dvm PhD NORIKO KOJIMA dvm KATSUAKI TAKASE dvm PhD SHIGEO OGASAWARA dvm PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(4):318-325
The effects of thiopental, ketamine, diazepam, xylazine and nitrous oxide, and combinations of thiopental-nitrous oxide and ketamine-nitrous oxide on electroencephalographic (EEG) spike activity and convulsive behaviors in atropinized cats at surgical depth of enflurane anesthesia were assessed quantitatively for 60 minutes during spontaneous ventilation. Mean inspired enflurane concentrations (MIEC) were reduced 16% to 29% by pretreatment with thiopental, ketamine, diazepam, and xylazine, and were reduced 19% by 66% nitrous oxide. The MIEC of cats anesthetized with thiopental-nitrous oxide-enflurane and ketamine-nitrous oxide-enflurane were 35% to 38% lower than that with nitrous oxide-enflurane. Pretreatment with thiopental, ketamine, diazepam, and xylazine did not reduce the EEG spike frequency during anesthesia but did markedly reduce the spike amplitude. The addition of 66% nitrous oxide did not alter the spike frequency during anesthesia but tended to reduce the spike amplitude. Combinations of thiopental-nitrous oxide and ketamine-nitrous oxide almost abolished the spike activity. The addition of 66% nitrous oxide prevented convulsive responses elicited by photic and auditory stimulation during enflurane anesthesia. Treatment with thiopental, ketamine, diazepam and xylazine, and combinations of thiopental-nitrous oxide and ketamine-nitrous oxide, completely prevented convulsive responses during enflurane anesthesia. 相似文献
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Yuka KOJIMA Shiori CHIBA Noriyuki HORIUCHI Yoshiyasu KOBAYASHI Hisashi INOKUMA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(5):605-607
S100B in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-S100B) was measured in calves with 20 neurologic and 21
non-neurologic diseases to clarify its utility as a biomarker for neurologic diseases. The
median CSF-S100B value in the neurologic disease group (43.0
ng/ml) was significantly higher than that in the
non-neurologic disease group (10.2 ng/ml). As CSF-S100B
levels in calves with neurologic diseases widely differed, the utility of CSF-S100B as a
diagnostic marker for neurologic diseases in cattle remains inconclusive. 相似文献
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