基于遥感数据的不确定性的农业水资源优化配置研究——以漳河灌区为例

针对现有农业水资源优化配置存在的空间分辨率较大,忽略降雨量参数的时空变异性,难以满足实际生产中更精确的管理要求的问题,以湖北省漳河灌区典型枯水年为例,采用基于遥感数据的水资源优化配置方法,分析全球降雨测量数据和多年雨量站站点数据关系,获取漳河灌区典型年空间降雨量数据集.在此基础上,将区间数、模糊区间数、模糊可信性约束规...     

饲料级硫酸铜含量测定浅析

<正>硫酸铜作为畜禽养殖中必不可少的微量元素饲料添加剂,特别是在促进畜禽生长、改善饲料利用率、提高养殖经济效益等方面具有非常重要的意义。然而     

DNA去甲基化参与提高白菜型冬油菜抗寒性的生理机制

利用来自不同育种环境的10份白菜型冬油菜材料,通过半致死温度的测定分析其抗寒性与环境的关系,并利用不同浓度DNA甲基化抑制剂5-azaC处理,分析DNA去甲基化对白菜型冬油菜DNA整体甲基化水平及低温胁迫下苗期生理特性的影响。结果表明,不同育种环境选育的材料,其半致死温度具有显著差异,其中材料2018-FJT、DT-7、DT-9与MXW-1的半致死温度分别为-16.04℃、-15.98℃、-15.63℃、-15.04℃;材料CT-2360、CT-2380、CT-2400、CT-2420、CT-2440、CT-2460的半致死温度分别为-11.32℃、-11.6℃、-11.42℃、-11.44℃、-12.97℃、-13.28℃。依据半致死温度,10个白菜型冬油菜抗寒性由强到弱依次为:2018-FJTDT-7DT-9MXW-1CT-2460CT-2400CT-2380CT-2420CT-2440CT-2360。抗寒性的形成与育成环境的纬度和年平均气温呈极显著正相关。选择抗寒性及产地不同的4个材料CT-2360、MXW-1、2018-FJT、DT-7进行生理测定,结果表明,1 000μmol·L~(-1) 5-azaC处理能显著抑制幼苗的根生长,4个材料的根长较对照减少93.14%～95.06%;低温下5-azaC处理对抗寒性较弱材料CT-2360幼苗的相对电导率、丙二醛含量以及强抗寒性材料DT-7幼苗的脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量影响最显著(P0.05);低温处理过程中,4个材料的SOD、POD、CAT活性均上升,以低温处理5d最显著(P0.05),其中2018-FJT的SOD活性增幅最高,为45.85%,DT-7的POD活性增幅最大,为460%,CT-2360的CAT活性增幅最显著,为321.02%。HPLC分析发现常温下抗寒性较弱材料CT-2360的甲基化水平为77.48%,高于其他3个抗寒性强的材料;经过5-azaC处理后发生明显的去甲基化作用,证明抗寒能力受DNA去甲基化的调控。     

烟草WRKY-R1基因的克隆及瞬时表达分析

以烟草根尖组织cDNA为模板,RT-PCR结合电子克隆得到NtWRKY-R1基因的完整ORF,序列分析显示,NtWRKY-R1具有WRKY转录因子家族典型的WRKYGQK保守结构域及C2H2的锌指结构,属于WRKY转录因子家族第Ⅱ类。采用生物信息学方法对NtWRKY-R1蛋白的理化性质、进化关系和磷酸化位点进行预测和分析,结果表明,NtWRKY-R1与茄科植物保守结构域的同源性及系统进化关系最近;磷酸化位点分析显示该蛋白可能通过磷酸化作用修饰,进而对其相应的代谢活动进行调节。通过构建真核表达载体、建立瞬时表达分析体系,结果显示,NtWRKY-R1基因的过表达导致JA信号途径标记基因PDF1.2及烟碱合成关键酶基因PMT1表达量降低,推测NtWRKY-R1基因影响JA信号途径,进而调控烟碱合成。     

Impacts of particulate organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon on removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides, and nonylphenols in a wetland

Background, aim, and scope  The potential of wetlands for controlling point- and nonpoint-source pollution in surface water has attracted increasing interest. The partitioning process of organic contaminants between water, particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), impacts their behaviors in the aquatic environments. Meantime, the partitioning process of organic contaminants is closely related to their physicochemical properties, such as hydrophobicity (or K _ow), and their fates in wetlands may vary greatly depending on physicochemical properties. The aim of this study was to examine fates and removals of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and nonylphenols (NPs) in a wetland in Beijing, China, and provide useful information for ecological remediation. Materials and methods  Water samples, collected at five sites from inlet to outlet of the wetland once a month in summer 2006, were immediately filtered within 2 days through 0.45-μm glass fiber prefilters and enriched by solid-phase extraction. The filtered particulates were collected as the total suspended particulates (TSPs), freeze-dried, and Soxhlet-extracted. After extraction, samples were purified following a clean-up procedure and analyzed by GC-MS. Results  TSPs could be removed efficiently with a removal rate of 97.4%, and DOC could be moderately removed with a removal rate of 44.7% from inlet to outlet. The total removals of target contaminants varied widely from null to 82.0%. A good correlation between logK _ow and logK _oc (organic-carbon-normalized suspended-particulate partition coefficient) was observed (r ² = 0.84 for PAHs and r ² = 0.86 for OCPs, p < 0.01). Ratios of the POC-bound fraction of target contaminants (or DOC-bound fraction) to the freely dissolved fraction increased with their K _ow values. The removal of the POC fraction contributed more than 50% to the total removal for the contaminants with logK _ow > 5.0. Only a small portion of the removal was attributed to the removal of the freely dissolved fraction. Discussion  Hydrophobic compounds such as PAHs and OCPs with higher K _ow values would show stronger POC or DOC preference. Their removal depended greatly on their K _ow values and the removal of total suspended particulates. On the other hand, concentrations of NPs decreased little in the wetland, probably due to their production through degradation of their precursors and relatively low hydrophobicity. Conclusions  POC and DOC play essential roles on the fates and removals of hydrophobic organic contaminants in the wetland. The removal of target contaminants with a high K _ow should be mainly through association with the suspended particulates which were precipitated and retained in the wetland. The fates of the organic contaminants in the wetland greatly depended on their hydrophobicities. Recommendations and perspectives  Further work should be done to study the influence of hydraulic retention time and some other environmental factors, e.g., temperature, on removals and fates of organic contaminants. Behavior of NPs and their precursors in the wetland should also be investigated more thoroughly.     

以态势理论为基础的更新生态位测度研究

根据朱春全提出的态势理论对更新生态位宽度和更新生态位重叠公式进行改进,分别以林隙大乔木和小径木的生态位作为更新生态位的态和势来计算动态的森林更新生态位。通过对长白山阔叶红松林固定样地林隙更新的调查,分析了林隙内主要树种的数量特征,研究了其更新生态位宽度及重叠的特征。结果表明:此改进公式不但保证了其数学上逻辑的一致性,同时增加了生态学的解释意义,提高了更新生态位测度的精确度。     

施镁对南方优良行道树种猴樟生长影响研究

[目的]猴樟(Cinnamomum bodinieri Levl.)为樟科(Lauraceae)樟属(Cinnamomum)大乔木,是我国特有树种,同时,也是一种适应力强、观赏性高的园林绿化树种,适合在我国南方地区作为行道树使用.镁(Mg)是一种植物生长的必须营养元素,它是植物叶绿素的重要组成部分,也是植物体中多种酶的活化剂.Mg能直接参与植物光合作用、碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质以及核酸的合成,因而在植物生长发育过程中起到了极为重要的作用.合理的施用Mg肥,能够有效的提高猴樟苗木质量、缩短其生长周期,促进猴樟苗木快速生长.目前关于施Mg对猴樟生长影响的研究仍属空白,研究尝试找到猴樟容器育苗的较佳施Mg量,更好的了解猴樟生长过程中Mg元素的需求规律.[方法]以2年生猴樟容器大苗为试验材料,分别设置了0,174,348,870 mg/kg 4个Mg肥梯度,测定不同供Mg水平下,猴樟容器大苗苗高、地径、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、叶绿素及叶绿素荧光等指标,探究不同供Mg水平对猴樟容器大苗生长、生理及叶绿素荧光的影响.[结果]不施Mg或施Mg过量时(870 mg/kg)均不利于猴樟容器大苗的生长,而适量施Mg(174 mg/kg)能够有效促进猴樟苗高、地径、高径比的增加,并显著增加猴樟叶片中叶绿素、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白的含量.猴樟叶绿素荧光参数Fm、Fm/Fv、Fm/Fo随着Mg肥施用量增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,且均在Mg肥施用量为174 mg/kg时,达到最大值,而Fo的变化趋势则相反.[结论]通过对猴樟生长、生理及叶绿素荧光特性进行综合评价分析,表明当Mg肥施用量为174 mg/kg时,能极大的提高猴樟光合转化效率,促使猴樟养分积累,对猴樟的生长促进作用最好,所得的猴樟苗木综合品质最佳.     

施镁对南方优良行道树种猴樟生长影响研究

[目的]猴樟(Cinnamomum bodinieri Levl.)为樟科(Lauraceae)樟属(Cinnamomum)大乔木,是我国特有树种,同时,也是一种适应力强、观赏性高的园林绿化树种,适合在我国南方地区作为行道树使用.镁(Mg)是一种植物生长的必须营养元素,它是植物叶绿素的重要组成部分,也是植物体中多种酶的活化剂.Mg能直接参与植物光合作用、碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质以及核酸的合成,因而在植物生长发育过程中起到了极为重要的作用.合理的施用Mg肥,能够有效的提高猴樟苗木质量、缩短其生长周期,促进猴樟苗木快速生长.目前关于施Mg对猴樟生长影响的研究仍属空白,研究尝试找到猴樟容器育苗的较佳施Mg量,更好的了解猴樟生长过程中Mg元素的需求规律.[方法]以2年生猴樟容器大苗为试验材料,分别设置了0,174,348,870 mg/kg 4个Mg肥梯度,测定不同供Mg水平下,猴樟容器大苗苗高、地径、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、叶绿素及叶绿素荧光等指标,探究不同供Mg水平对猴樟容器大苗生长、生理及叶绿素荧光的影响.[结果]不施Mg或施Mg过量时(870 mg/kg)均不利于猴樟容器大苗的生长,而适量施Mg(174 mg/kg)能够有效促进猴樟苗高、地径、高径比的增加,并显著增加猴樟叶片中叶绿素、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白的含量.猴樟叶绿素荧光参数Fm、Fm/Fv、Fm/Fo随着Mg肥施用量增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,且均在Mg肥施用量为174 mg/kg时,达到最大值,而Fo的变化趋势则相反.[结论]通过对猴樟生长、生理及叶绿素荧光特性进行综合评价分析,表明当Mg肥施用量为174 mg/kg时,能极大的提高猴樟光合转化效率,促使猴樟养分积累,对猴樟的生长促进作用最好,所得的猴樟苗木综合品质最佳.     

Molecular characterization and functional analysis of Trx and Trp14 in roughskin sculpin (Trachidermus fasciatus)

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry - Thioredoxins (Trxs) are a family of small and highly conserved proteins which play crucial roles in the maintenance and regulation of the cellular redox...     

多潘立酮微乳的制备及质量评价

通过滴定法绘制伪三元相图,根据相图优选处方,并初步考察微乳制剂的稳定性、形态粒径和理化性质.用紫外分光光度(UV-Vis)法测定微乳中多潘立酮的含量.结果表明,制备出的多潘立酮微乳处方是聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油(RH-40)/肉豆蔻酸异丙酯(IPM)/多潘立酮/蒸馏水.微乳稳定,透射电镜下呈圆球形,分布均匀,平均粒径12.4 nm.在1～50 μg/mL浓度范围内,浓度与吸光度的线性关系良好,平均回收率为(99.41±1.17)%,RSD为1.18%(n=5).多潘立酮微乳应低温(4℃)、避光保存.该处方设计合理,方法可靠.