严管林慎用钱质为先全面实施好天然林保护工程

天然林保护工程自1998年启动以来,取得明显成效.国家对其投资已累计到位200.7亿元.其主要经验是各级领导重视是组织工程建设的关键;营造良好的社会氛围是工程实施的前提;制定完善规章制度是规范工程管理的保证;探索建立有效的利益机制是工程实施的动力.在今后的发展中应把握保护与发展、保护与经营、保护与稳定、当前利益与长远利益关系、严格工程资金与提高资金使用效益等问题.     

漆树酶在漆酚树脂上的固定化研究

介绍了漆酚树脂吸附金属离子后对漆树酶的固定化方法，比较了Ｆｅ＾３＋和Ａｌ＾３＋、漆酚树脂和漆酚－水杨酸接枝树脂对漆树酶的固定化结果显示，漆酚－水杨酸－Ａｌ螯合树脂对漆树酶的固定化活力最高，测定了溶液ＰＨ，环境温度对固定化漆树酶活性的航固定化漆酶的重作用性。另外，测定了固定化漆树酶的米氏常数，Ｋｍ＝４．９×１０＾－３，并讨论了Ｋｍ小于天然漆树酶的米氏常数的原因。     

森林航空消防洒水扑火技术探讨

对航空洒水扑火机型、性能、洒水技术进行了介绍,并与地面用水扑救效果作了对比,指出了航空洒水扑火技术的方向.     

Can treatment of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brachiaria decumbens</Emphasis> (signal grass) improve its utilisation in the diet in small ruminants?—a review

Brachiaria decumbens is an extremely productive tropical grass due to its aggressive growth habit and its adaptation to a varied range of soil types and environments. As a result of the vast availability, treated B. decumbens demonstrates as a promising local material that could be utilised as an improved diet for sheep and goats. Despite the fact that the grass significantly increases weight gains in grazing farm animals, there were many reports of general ill-thrift and sporadic outbreaks of photosensitivity in livestock due to the toxic compound of steroidal saponin found in B. decumbens. Ensiling and haymaking were found to be effective in removing toxin and undesirable compounds in the grass. Biological treatments using urea, activated charcoal, polyethylene glycol, and effective microorganisms were found to be useful in anti-nutritional factor deactivation and improving the nutritive values of feedstuffs. Besides, oral administration of phenobarbitone showed some degree of protection in sheep that fed on B. decumbens pasture. In this review, we aim to determine the effect of B. decumbens toxicity and possible treatment methods on the grass to be used as an improved diet for small ruminant.     

Genomic characterization of the first oral avian papillomavirus in a colony of breeding canaries (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Serinus canaria</Emphasis>)

Papillomaviruses are non-enveloped, DNA viruses that infect skin and mucosa of a wide variety of vertebrates, causing neoplasias or simply persisting asymptomatically. Avian papillomaviruses, with six fully sequenced genomes, are the second most studied group after mammalian papillomaviruses. In this study, we describe the first oral avian papillomavirus, detected in the tongue of a dead Yorkshire canary (Serinus canaria) and in oral swabs of the same bird and other two live canaries from an aviary in Madrid, Spain. Its genome is 8,071 bp and presents the canonical papillomavirus architecture with six early (E6, E7, E1, E9, E2, E4) and two late open reading frames (L1 and L2) and a long control region between L1 and E6. This new avian papillomavirus L1 gene shares a 64% pairwise identity with FcPV1 L1, so it has been classified as a new species (ScPV1) within the Ethapapillomavirus genus. Although the canary died after showing breathing problems, there is no evidence that the papillomavirus caused those symptoms so it could be part of the oral microbiota of the birds. Hence, future investigations are needed to evaluate the clinical relevance of the virus.     

Knowledge,attitudes and practices towards <Emphasis Type="Italic">cystic echinococcosis</Emphasis> in livestock among selected pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in Uganda

A cross-sectional study was done from March 2013 to May 2014 to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards cystic echinococcosis (CE) or hydatidosis among selected pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in Uganda. A structured questionnaire was administered to 381 respondents. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to find the relationship between knowledge about CE and factors such as age, sex, and level of education across all regions. The odds ratio and confidence interval were used to determine the difference in responses across regions. It was shown that age above 36 years was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with awareness about CE in livestock. Likewise, uneducated (p < 0.0001) and agro-pastoralists (p = 0.01) were significantly less knowledgeable than the educated and pastoralists across all regions. The overall knowledge towards CE in livestock was low 17.8% (95% CI = 14.0–21.6). Dog ownership was high and they never dewormed their freely roaming dogs. Dogs shared water with livestock. In conclusion, knowledge about CE in livestock was low across all regions. Therefore, public health education and formulation of policies towards its control by the relevant stakeholders should be done. Also, the true prevalence of CE in livestock needs to be done so that the magnitude and its public health significance are elucidated.     

牡蛎中GⅡ型诺如病毒巢式RT-PCR检测方法的优化与评价

为了解决目前巢式PCR法检测牡蛎样品中GII型诺如病毒时存在的非特异性扩增、假阴性等问题,本研究对NCBI数据库中在线获得的所有GII型诺如病毒序列进行系统分析,重新设计出针对GII型诺如病毒检测的通用型巢式PCR引物(NG2OF/NG2OR),并从基因型覆盖度、特异性、灵敏度和实际样品检测的稳定性几个方面对新设计的引物进行评估。结果显示：(1)新引物的特异性好,只对GII型诺如病毒进行有效扩增,且不受牡蛎样品本底的影响。(2)新引物灵敏度高,最低可检测至26.4个拷贝。(3)在对92个牡蛎样品进行检测时,新引物的阳性检出率为28.3%,比经典引物高出7.5%。因此,新建立的GII型诺如病毒巢式PCR检测方法在检测牡蛎样品时特异性更强,灵敏度更高,为牡蛎中诺如病毒的检测提供了一种新的、可靠的技术手段。     

2019年湖南省部分地区鸡、鸭、猪源大肠杆菌耐药性调查

旨在调查2019年湖南省部分地区不同来源的大肠杆菌对抗生素的耐药水平,为养殖合理用药提供参考。从4个市畜禽养殖场采集猪、鸡和鸭粪便285份,使用麦康凯琼脂培养基和伊红美蓝培养基对大肠杆菌筛选,利用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱进行鉴定,采用微量肉汤稀释法检测16种抗生素对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。共分离出203株大肠杆菌(鸡源146株、鸭源20株和猪源37株),对四环素和氨苄西林耐药率最高,分别达到89.2%和84.7%;对头孢他啶、奥格门丁、黏菌素耐药率较低,分别为2.5%、2.0%和0.5%;所有菌株均对美罗培南敏感。抗3种及以上抗生素的菌株数目占比为87.7%,而仅5.42%的菌株对所有检测的抗生素敏感。另外,来源于减抗示范养殖场的大肠杆菌对大部分抗生素的耐药率,与来源于非减抗养殖场大肠杆菌相比未见显著差异。上述结果表明,湖南省动物源大肠杆菌的耐药水平仍处在较高水平,重视兽药使用管理并持续开展对大肠杆菌的耐药性监测十分必要。     

卷丹转基因体系构建及岷江百合LrCCoAOMT的导入

以卷丹(Lilium lancifolium Thunb.)无菌小鳞片为试材,通过切片处理、优化农杆菌侵染浓度与时间以及重悬液和共培养基成分,构建农杆菌介导的高效遗传转化体系。结果表明,MS+1.5 mg·L^-16-BA+0.5 mg·L^-1 NAA+30 g·L^-1蔗糖是切片芽分化的最佳培养基,添加100 mg·L^-1抗坏血酸能有效抑制褐化并促进不定芽增殖。MS+2.0 mg·L^-1 NAA+30 g·L^-1蔗糖是生根诱导的最佳培养基。抗生素敏感性测试发现,培养基中添加Kan 100 mg·L^-1或Hyg 75 mg·L^-1结合Cef 400 mg·L^-1适宜抗性筛选。GUS染色分析表明,以去除大量元素的改良MS+100μmol·L^-1AS和去除大量元素的改良MS+1.0mg·L^-16-BA+1.0mg·L^-1NAA+100...     

‘品丽珠’葡萄不同营养系酚类物质差异分析

筛选山东蓬莱产区酿酒葡萄‘品丽珠’黄烷醇、花色素苷含量较高的优良营养系,以期为发挥其酿酒性能提供理论依据。以蓬莱产区品丽珠母本及3个芽变营养系(214、327、623)为试材,采用分光光度计法分析葡萄果皮和种子中总酚、总单宁、总花色素含量,利用高效液相色谱法分析酚酸类、黄酮醇类、黄烷醇类、花色苷单体及白藜芦醇含量。研究结果表明,黄烷醇是种子和果皮中主要的单体酚,其中儿茶素含量最高;二甲花翠素葡萄糖苷是果皮中主要的花色苷。在相同的栽培管理条件和自然条件下,品丽珠不同营养系间的酚类物质差异较明显,相同营养系不同年份间也有显著差异。其中营养系623果皮和种子的总酚、种子的单宁和黄烷醇以及果皮和种子中的酚酸类、单体花色苷含量显著高于其他营养系和母本。