不同燕麦基因型源库关系对穗粒数形成过程的影响

为了解燕麦穗粒数形成过程与源、库特征之间的关系，连续两年以10个不同来源、熟期、穗型、株型、小穗数的燕麦品种为试验材料，测定三叶期至拔节期的幼穗分化阶段及抽穗期源库特征，采用方差分析、聚类分析、逐步回归分析等方法，分析不同燕麦基因型源库特征及对穗粒数形成过程的影响。结果表明，燕麦穗粒数形成过程存在基因型差异，幼穗分化较好品种的穗粒数较全部品种平均值高11.22%~65.43%；幼穗分化较好品种的光合势、干物质量、粒数叶比、收获指数显著高于幼穗分化较差品种，其中粒数叶比和收获指数是影响穗粒数形成的主要因素，粒数叶比和收获指数较全部品种平均值分别高0.99%~68.74%和0.85%~13.80%。综上所述，源库协调是燕麦幼穗分化良好的生理基础，可通过提高光合势和干物质量达到增源的目的，进而提高穗粒数。     

在农业领域启动技术方法创新平台建设的思考

文章以贯彻国家大型设备开放共享精神为出发点,阐述了技术方法创新平台建设的背景,明确了该平台的基本工作任务,如提升设施运行效率、推进全面开放共享、完善均衡人员体系、支撑领域科技发展等,并提出了加强研究经费支持、推进运行绩效管理、探索人才引育模式、强化仪器配置管理等加强技术方法创新平台建设的建议。     

膨化干燥灰枣粉玻璃化转变及贮藏稳定性

为了综合水分活度及玻璃化转变理论构建状态图,获得灰枣粉的较佳贮藏条件,该文采用静态称量法和差示扫描量热法测定灰枣粉的吸附特性及玻璃化转变温度。结果表明,膨化干燥灰枣粉水分吸附的平衡干基含水率随水分活度的增加而增加,水分吸附等温线呈J型,描述灰枣粉水分吸附特性的适宜模型为GAB模型（R2=0.9968）;灰枣粉的玻璃化转变温度随含水率升高而降低,湿基含水率由0.064 g/g增加到0.175 g/g时,玻璃化转变温度由29.90℃降低到?35.02℃;灰枣粉干基含水率≤0.1223 g/g、贮藏温度≤?0.062°C时其稳定性较好,研究结果为灰枣粉加工、运输等过程中的贮藏条件提供理论参考。     

不同基因型燕麦内源激素与灌浆期生理特性之间的关系

为探究内源激素含量对燕麦灌浆过程的影响,分别于2020和2021年,以9个不同基因型的燕麦品种为试验材料,设置大田试验,测定灌浆粒重、灌浆期光合特性、旗叶碳代谢酶(蔗糖磷酸合成酶SPS、蔗糖合酶SS)活性、生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA₃)、玉米素核苷(ZR)、脱落酸(ABA)含量及成熟期粒重,通过方差分析和聚类分析,探究不同基因型燕麦灌浆期生理特性、内源激素差异。结果表明：不同品种间,内源激素含量及其他生理特性差异均达显著水平(P<0.05),按照灌浆粒重,将供试的9个品种分为灌浆较强和较弱两类,其中灌浆较强品种到达灌浆盛期的时间较早,灌浆启动时间也早于其他品种;灌浆粒重拟合程度较好,灌浆过程中的净光合速率、碳代谢酶活性较高,粒重优于其他品种;灌浆较强品种单穗粒重较灌浆较弱品种高11.8%～176.5%;灌浆较强品种旗叶IAA、GA₃、ZR含量较灌浆较弱品种高12.6%～118.2%、7.2%～98.0%、21.4%～72.2%,(GA₃+ZR+IAA)/ABA较灌浆较弱品种高39.3%～311.9%。在各内源激...     

“十二五”期间北疆早熟陆地棉品质育种进展分析

通过分析“十二五”期间新疆审定的早熟陆地棉品种纤维品质变化，研究纤维品质的整体状况及发展趋势，为育种及相关决策做参考。以2011―2015年审定命名的早熟棉花品种（新陆早系列）为对象，按年度对6个主要纤维品质指标进行汇总分析。这5年育成棉花品种的纤维上半部平均长度大多在29～30 mm，断裂比强度集中在29.5～31.0 cN·tex^－1，缺少长度≥31 mm、断裂比强度＞31 cN·tex^－1的品种。马克隆值主要分布在B2和A级，长度整齐度指数、纺纱均匀性指数及断裂伸长率均较优。育成的品种均以普通陆地棉为主，类型相对单一，纤维品质大多在中等偏上；各年度间品种纤维品质水平相当，缺乏优质棉品种。棉花育种应加强行业间协作，引进种质资源，重视纤维品质的培优；制定科学的育种目标，配套相应的品种审定标准。     

Some of the properties of particleboard made from paulownia

The objective of this study was to determine some of the properties of experimental particleboard panels made from low-quality paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa). Chemical properties including holocellulose, cellulose, lignin contents, water solubility, and pH level of the wood were also analyzed. Three-layer experimental panels were manufactured with two density levels using urea–formaldehyde as a binder. Modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bond strength (IB), screw-holding strength, thickness swelling, and surface roughness of the specimens were evaluated. Panels with densities of 0.65 g/cm³ and manufactured using a 7-min press time resulted in higher mechanical properties than those of made with densities of 0.55 g/cm³ and press times of 5 min. Based on the initial findings of this study, it appears that higher values of solubility and lignin content of the raw material contributed to better physical and mechanical properties of the experimental panels. All types of strength characteristics of the samples manufactured from underutilized low-quality paulownia wood met the minimum strength requirements of the European Standards for general uses.     

Immunohistochemical detection of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica</Emphasis> antigens in goats with natural pneumonia

Pneumonia is a leading cause of loss to ruminants throughout the world. Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica is one of the most important etiological agent of pneumonia in cattle, sheep, and goats. This study was carried out to determine the incidence of M.haemolytica antigens using immunohistochemistry labelling of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues in pneumonic lungs of goats slaughtered at abattoir, and then to compare these immunohistochemistry results with the results of bacterial isolation. For these objectives, a total of 1505 goat lungs slaughtered in slaughterhouse were grossly examined and pneumonia was detected in 74 cases (4.91%). Of these, with the exception of verminous pneumonia observed in 32 cases, on 42 pneumonic lungs immunohistochemical examinations were performed. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded lung tissue samples were immunohistochemically stained by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) procedure using polyclonal antibodies to detect M.haemolytica antigens. Pneumonic lesions were more frequently encountered in cranioventral lobes than caudal lobes, and characterized by irregular lobular foci of atelectasis or lobar pneumonia. The presence of M.haemolytica antigens was detected in 19 (45%) out of 42 pneumonic lungs. Bacterial antigens were found most frequently in the cytoplasm of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells, in the swirling degenerating leukocytes in the alveoli, and in the degenerating leukocytes in the area of coagulation necrosis, less frequently in the epithelial cells of bronchial glands, and lymphoid cells. Conclusionly, immunohistochemical detection of M.haemolytica antigens in pneumonic lungs appear to be more reliable compared to bacterial isolation.     

Characterization of Elemental Species in PM2.5 Samples Collected in Four Cities of Northeast China

A monitoring program of particulate matter was conducted at eight sampling sites in four highly industrialized cities (Shenyang, Anshan, Fushun, and Jinzhou) of Liaoning Province in Northeast China to identify the major potential sources of ambient PM_2.5. A total of 814 PM_2.5 and PM_2.5–10 samples were collected between 2004 and 2005. All PM samples were collected simultaneously in four cities and analyzed gravimetrically for mass concentrations. A sum of 16 elemental species concentrations in the PM samples were determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Annual means of PM_2.5 concentrations ranged from 65.0 to 222.0 μg m^?3 in all the eight sampling sites, and the spatial and seasonal variations were discussed. Enrichment factors were calculated, and Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb will be pollution-derived elements. Site-to-site comparisons of PM_2.5 species in each city were examined using coefficient of divergence, revealing that the two sites in each city are similar in elemental species. Principle component analysis was used for preliminary source analysis of PM_2.5. Three or four factors in each city were isolated, and similar sources (crustal source, coal combustion, vehicle exhaust, iron making, or some other metallurgical activities) were identified at four cities.     

A case of aspergillosis in a broiler breeder flock

A case of aspergillosis in a broiler breeder flock having respiratory and nervous system problems caused by Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger is documented. Dyspnea, hyperpnea, blindness, torticollis, lack of equilibrium, and stunting were observed clinically. On postmortem examination of the affected birds, white to yellow caseous nodules were observed on lungs, thoracic air sacs, eyes, and cerebellum. Histopathologic examination of lungs and cerebellum revealed classic granulomatous inflammation and cerebellar lesions, necrotic meningoencephalitis, respectively. No lesions were noted in the cerebrum histopathologically. Aspergillus hyphae were observed in stained sections prepared from lesioned organs. Fungal spores and branched septate hyphae were observed in direct microscopy. Aspergillus fumigatus and A. niger were isolated from the inoculations prepared from the suspensions of organs showing lesions.     

Protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on rotenone-induced myocardial oxidative injury

Rotenone, an insecticide, causes toxicity through inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport chain at complex I and oxidative injury to the tissues. The aim of the present study was to determine in vivo effects of rotenone on myocardium and cardio-protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an antioxidant agent, against rotenone toxicity in rats. The rats were divided into three groups: untreated control, rotenone (2.5 mg/kg/day for 60 days, i.p.) and rotenone + CAPE groups. CAPE was administrated i.p. 10 μmol/kg/day for 62 days started two days before first dose rotenone injection. The malondialdehyde, nitric oxide levels and xanthine oxidase activity of rotenone group was significantly higher than control and rotenone + CAPE groups (p < 0.05). However, catalase activity in the rotenone group was decreased in comparison with the other groups (p < 0.05). The superoxide dismutase activity of rotenone group was insignificantly decreased compared to the others. In conclusion, rotenone caused lipid peroxidation in myocardial tissue and CAPE treatment prevented this rotenone-induced lipid peroxidation in rats. CAPE might be a cardio-protective agent against myocardial toxicities.