Growth,Survivorship, Air‐bubble Disease,and Attachment of Feeble Juvenile Seahorses,Hippocampus kuda (Bleeker, 1852)

Seahorse aquaculture has been a focus for meeting the demand of traditional medicine and aquarium. Feeble (poor quality) juveniles are commonly found in the commercial seahorse culture. In this study, we compared the growth and survival performances of the feeble and healthy common seahorses Hippocampus kuda. The results show that the feeble juveniles had high growth and survival at the temperature of 27–29 C and salinity of 26–28‰ with frequent feeding (≥three times a day) during first 5 wk. Through a 12‐wk investigation, we found that the air‐bubble disease could significantly affect the specific growth rate and survival of the feeble juveniles. There was a positive and significant correlation between the substrate‐attachment rate and survival rate in the feeble juveniles, and substrate‐attachment rate may be used to assess the quality of the feeble populations in the seahorse H. kuda.     

警惕有害速生草——铜锤草在贵州蔓延

铜锤草(Oxalis corym bosaDC·)又名红花酢浆草,本地称“三叶草”“野花生”,属酢浆草科植物。该草原产美洲热带地区,上世纪80年代由云南宣威购买马铃薯种时带入我县鸡场坪等乡镇,生长在路边、草地、耕地内;茎叶微酸,饲喂生猪极少食,牛、羊不采食,为无饲用价值植物。(1)形态:多     

The larval rearing of the marine ornamental crab, Mithraculus forceps (A. Milne Edwards, 1875) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Majidae)

The goal of this study is to develop a larviculture protocol for Mithraculus forceps, a popular marine aquarium species. Different temperatures (25±0.5°C and 28±0.5°C), stocking densities (10, 20, 40 and 80 larvae L^?1), prey densities (newly hatched Artemia of 1, 4, 7 and 12 nauplii mL^?1) and metamorphosis to crab conditions (Systems A and B) were tested. The best survivorship and faster development were obtained when the larvae were reared at a density of 40 larvae L^?1 for 7 days post hatching (DPH) in System A, at 28°C and fed with 7 mL^?1 of newly hatched Artemia nauplii. After 7 DPH all the megalopa were moved to System B and the same temperature and prey density were maintained. At the end of the experiment, 12 DPH, survivorship of 74.1±4.8% was obtained.     

Dietary Esterified Astaxanthin Concentration Effect on Dermal Coloration and Chromatophore Physiology in Spinecheek Anemonefish,Premnas biaculeatus

Anemonefishes dominate the marine ornamental aquaculture production and coloration plays an important role in market price of the product. This study examined the effect of dietary esterified astaxanthin concentration and duration on skin coloration in spinecheek anemonefish, Premnas biaculeatus. The chromatophore physiology parameters examined were color, density, and diameter of carotenoid granules. Juveniles of 30 days post hatch (d.p.h.) were fed diets consisting of 23, 214, or 2350 ppm esterified astaxanthin for 115 d and the fish were sampled at 45, 120, and 145 d.p.h. Hue was significantly reduced with increasing time and astaxanthin concentration. Saturation fluctuated over time while luminosity was only affected by time. Carotenoid granule density was similar across the treatments: approximately 0.3 granules/µm². Significant difference in carotenoid granule size was detected, with larger diameters at the higher astaxanthin treatment. Carotenoid granules showed significantly lower hues, higher saturation, and lower luminosity values for the higher astaxanthin concentration diets. This is indicative of higher concentration of carotenoids in the granules. Diets explicitly imparted different coloration in P. biaculeatus and the manifested color differences in the fish are result of increased carotenoid granule size and increased carotenoid concentration within granules. Astaxanthin concentration of 214 ppm imparts adequate coloration for high market value.     

萧山草三黄鸡屠宰性能和肉质分析

研究对70日龄萧山草三黄鸡进行了屠宰性能和肉质性状的测定,结果显示:公鸡活重、屠体重、半净膛率和全净膛率优于母鸡,差异显著(P<0.05)。腿肌的肉色OD值、剪切力和pH值均大于胸肌,系水力小于胸肌,差异均显著(P<0.05);水分含量、粗脂肪含量大于胸肌,粗蛋白含量、粗灰分含量小于胸肌,差异均显著(P<0.05)。研究表明母鸡的肉质优于公鸡,屠宰性能则不及公鸡。     

北京市昌平地区园林植物烟草花叶病毒的检测

[目的]植物病毒侵染园林植物,影响其观赏价值和绿化效果.为了明确北京市昌平地区园林植物常见病毒病的发生情况,对园林植物中的烟草花叶病毒进行检测.[方法]采集大叶黄杨(Buxus sp.)、早熟禾(Poa sp.)、棣棠花(Kerria sp.)、鸾尾(Iris sp.)、月季(Rosa sp.)、桃树(Amygdalus sp.)、海棠(Malus sp.)和女贞(Ligustrum sp.)共8种园林植物样品的叶片,用间接酶联免疫吸附测定方法和RT-PCR方法检测烟草花叶病毒.[结果]桃树(Amygdalus sp.)和海棠(Malus sp.)的样品含有烟草花叶病毒,大叶黄杨(Buxus sp.)、早熟禾(Poa sp.)、棣棠花(Kerria sp.)、鸾尾(Iris sp.)、月季(Rosa sp.)和女贞(Ligus-trum sp.)的样品未检测到烟草花叶病毒.将检测结果为阳性样品的RT-PCR产物进行序列测定与分析,获得的烟草花叶病毒分离物与烟草花叶病毒-S亲缘关系较近,归属于组2.[结论]该研究结果可以为北京园林植物烟草花叶病毒的相关研究提供参考.     

SYBR Green I荧光定量PCR法检测朗德鹅填饲前后黑素皮质素受体-4基因(MC4R)的表达

黑素皮质素受体4基因(MC4R)在各组织中的不同表达对于鹅脂肪代谢具有重要作用.本研究应用强制填饲技术建立腹型肥胖朗德鹅(Casuarius casuarius)模型,提取填饲后及正常朗德鹅新鲜腹脂、肝脏等13种组织的总RNA,SYBR GreenI荧光定量PCR法检测各组织MC4R基因的表达,选择β-actin作为内参基因,使用半定量2-△△Ct法分析.PCR结果显示,MC4R基因及β-actin在填饲前后朗德鹅心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺、肾脏、肌胃、小肠、胰腺、脑、胸肌、腿肌、腹脂、皮下脂等13种组织中均存在不同程度表达.SYBR Green I荧光定量PCR结果表明,在肾、小肠和心这3个组织中,填饲后朗德鹅MC4R表达量均比对照组中朗德鹅该基因表达量低,填饲后分别为填饲前表达量的0.41±1.80、0.65±5.75和0.72±1.22倍.而在其他组织中,MC4R基因表达量均有不同程度的增加,填饲组/对照组相对表达量倍数由高到低顺序分别为:22.78±1.00倍(脑),9.08±2.80倍(肝),5.28±1.83倍(肺),3.78±3.01倍(胰),3.07±3.64倍(腿肌),2.90±0.97倍(胃),2.34±1.66倍(皮下脂肪),2.18±3.01倍(腹脂),2.07±0.37倍(胸肌),2.01±1.75倍(脾).结果符合MC4R作用机理,为畜牧生产及人类肥胖问题的研究提供间接依据.     

热应激绍兴鸭不同组织HSP70基因mRNA表达研究

研究蛋鸭热应激条件下不同组织中热休克蛋白70(HSP70)基因mRNA表达规律,为揭示蛋鸭热应激反应机理提供参考。60只绍兴蛋鸭25℃饲养20d,其中30只进行40℃热应激处理1h,采取荧光定量PCR方法分别测定不同组织中HSP70mRNA的表达水平。试验组与对照组相比,肝脏、脾脏和胰腺组织HSP70mRNA表达差异不显著,其他6种组织HSP70基因表达量均有不同程度的增加,试验组心脏、腿肌、垂体、下丘脑、胸肌、肾脏中HSP70基因表达量分别高于对照组3.6倍、2.8倍、2.7倍、2.4倍、2.2倍和1.57倍。     

浙江省主要鹅种体重、体尺及屠宰性能比较分析

对浙江省现有主要鹅种的体重、体尺及屠宰性能进行了比较分析,并根据各品种的表型性状值进行了聚类分析。结果表明：不同鹅种间在活重、胸深、胸宽、骨盆宽、胫长、胫围、体斜长、龙骨长、半潜水长、屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、腹脂率、胸肌率和腿肌率等指标上均存在明显的差异,同一鹅种体尺、体重和屠宰性能在性别之间的差异也较明显;依据鹅体尺、体重和屠体性状等表型性状值进行品种间聚类分析,其聚类结果与鹅体重和体尺表现出较高的一致性,5个品种可大致分为3类,太湖鹅和江山白鹅为一类,浙东白鹅和朗德鹅为一类,永康灰鹅独立为一类。     

Use of Bacillus coagulans as a Dietary Probiotic for the Common Carp,Cyprinus carpio

Effect of viable Bacillus coagulans as a dietary probiotic on the growth performance, survivorship, immune response, and meat quality of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio, was investigated. Three treatments (T‐1, T‐2, and T‐3) and a control, each with three replicates, were established. T‐1, T‐2, and T‐3 groups were fed with diets containing different levels of probiotic (1 × 10⁷ cfu/g, 2 × 10⁷ cfu/g, and 4 × 10⁷ cfu/g, respectively). After 45 d, the fish fed with probiotic had significantly higher (P < 0.05) daily weight gain compared to that of the control group. Significant increases (P < 0.05) in final weight, relative weight gain rate, lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, and respiratory burst activities were obtained in the T‐2 and T‐3 compared with those of the control. Fish in the control group showed the lowest (P < 0.05) content of complement component 3. Significantly (P < 0.05) improved contents of crude fat, inosine, and inosinic acid were observed in the T‐2 and T‐3. Our results indicated that the use of B. coagulans as a dietary probiotic for the common carp could improve growth performance, meat quality, and induce a positive modulation on immune response.