Inconspicuous restraint of rice seedling growth by root-infecting fungi in soil of a rice paddy field

 Rice seedling growth, estimated by plant height and root development and discoloration, was better in pasteurized soil than in unpasteurized soil obtained from a flooded rice field. Rice seedlings also grew better in sterilized soil modified by adding roots harvested from the pasteurized soil than in soil modified by adding roots harvested from the unpasteurized soil. The results demonstrate that seedling growth in the rice field soil was inhibited by soil microorganisms, even though no typical symptoms such as seedling blight or damping-off appeared. Pythium aristosporum is suggested to be involved in the inhibition. Thus, it appears that inconspicuous restraint of rice seedling growth could occur in soils of rice paddy fields. Received: May 20, 2002 / Accepted: October 16, 2002 Acknowledgments The authors thank Dr. T. Ichitani, former professor at Osaka Prefectural University, for providing an isolate of Pythium aristosporum for comparison, and Mr. Mitsuaki Sato of Akita Prefectural College of Agriculture for technical assistance.     

酸枣接大枣优良品种选择研究初报

介绍了在忻州地区酸枣接大枣良种选择的概况，研究重点是品种的丰产性、抗寒性、抗旱性及果实品质，并且选择出一批适宜当地发展的优良品种，为今后红枣的发展创造了条件     

茶氨酸溴香酰胺对人肝癌细胞体内外生长的抑制作用

以L-茶氨酸作对照,评估本实验室合成的新颖的茶氨酸衍生物-茶氨酸溴香酰胺（TBrC）对人肝癌HepG2细胞系体内外生长的抑制作用,并初步探究其作用的分子机制。采用MTT法检测不同浓度的TBrC对HepG2细胞体外生长的影响,应用蛋白质印迹法检测解析HepG2细胞中与癌细胞凋亡和生长密切相关蛋白的表达和药物可能作用的分子靶点。此外,建立动物肿瘤模型,与对照组茶氨酸和临床常用抗癌药物五氟尿嘧啶组相比较,评价TBrC对荷瘤裸鼠人肝癌HepG2肿瘤生长的抑制效果。实验结果显示,TBrC抑制人肝癌细胞体内外生长的活性超过其母体化合物茶氨酸分别为3倍和4倍以上,对小鼠生长无明显毒性。TBrC比茶氨酸更显著地抑制肝癌细胞生长因子受体c-Met和抗凋亡的Bcl-2等蛋白的表达;此外,TBrC大大上调促进凋亡的Bax蛋白的表达。TBrC抑制c-Met信号传导通路,下调Bcl-2/Bax蛋白比率可能是其作用的分子机制之一。这些结果提示,TBrC具有广泛应用于临床治疗和（或）辅助治疗人肝癌和其他癌症的潜力。     

化学处理对竹材炭化的影响

在竹材进行炭化之前，用化学药液对竹材进行浸泡处理，通过这种处理方式，在相同的炭化压力和温度下，能缩短炭化周期，同时炭化后的竹片纹理清晰，色泽均匀，色差小。     

储藏物螨类熏蒸防治方法研究状况及进展

文章综述了熏蒸杀螨剂的研究历史，２０种熏蒸杀螨剂对各龄期螨的毒力，在熏蒸剂对螨的毒力测定方面各研究材料之不一致性，熏蒸杀螨剂近年来研究进展，并据此对螨类防治的研究进行了预测。     

直干桉能源林高效经营技术及其多效益研究

通过直干桉能源林不同密度的造林试验,表明采用合理密植和短轮伐期的经营技术,可以获得较高经济效益。     

杉木雄性不育性遗传机理初步分析*

对杉木雄性不育原株混合授粉子代的开花情况作了观测与分析,初步认为杉木雄性不育性属核质基因作用型,即雄性不育株的细胞核有5对控制育性的隐性纯合基因,细胞质有一种控制不育性的基因,构成雄性不育基因型S (ms1 ms1 ms2 ms2 ms3 ms3 ms4 ms4 ms5 ms5)。     

雷竹的小孢子发生和雄配子体形成

通过对雷竹 (Phyllostachys p raecox)小孢子发生和雄配子体形成的研究 ,结果表明 :雷竹幼小花药表皮下的一列孢原细胞发育为初生壁和初生造孢细胞层 ,后者向心分裂形成 8列左右次生造孢组织 ,并直接分化为一圈小孢子母细胞。减数分裂为连续型。四分体呈平面左右对称排列。花药壁由 4层细胞组成 ,即表皮层、2层中层和绒毡层。在整个发育过程中始终无药室内壁层的形成和分化 ,表皮层发育起到药室内壁的作用 ,中层在小孢子母细胞发育过程中一层退化 ,绒毡层为腺质绒毡层 ,二核 ,四分体时期呈现解体 ,贴边期被吸收殆尽。     

Winter monsoon promotes the transport of Japanese temperate bass Lateolabrax japonicus eggs and larvae toward the innermost part of Tango Bay,the Sea of Japan

Northwesterly cold winds characteristic of the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) dictate winter climatic conditions over the Japanese Archipelago. Japanese temperate bass Lateolabrax japonicus is a commercially important coastal fish that spawns offshore in winter and uses shallow waters as nursery habitats. To investigate the effects of EAWM on the planktonic period of L. japonicus, eggs, larvae, and juveniles were quantitatively collected in Tango Bay on the Sea of Japan side in winter and spring from 2007 to 2017. Although eggs occurred close to the mouth of the bay, planktonic larvae occurred further inside as they developed. The horizontal distribution of planktonic larvae, combined with water velocity data obtained from mooring observations, indicated that planktonic larvae are transported south‐ to westward through Ekman current and an anticyclonic circulation, which are driven by northwesterly winds. To evaluate survival during the planktonic period in each year class, the abundance of benthic larvae/juveniles was divided by winter total landings of Lateolabrax spp. (proxy of the spawning stock size). This survival index exhibited a positive correlation with the northwesterly component of winter winds, and a negative correlation with winter air temperature (average from December to February, Spearman's correlation, p < .05). There was, however, no significant correlation with winter water temperature or winter freshwater discharge in the bay. We conclude that northwesterly cold winds of EAWM play a critical role in transporting L. japonicus eggs and larvae toward nursery habitats, specifically beaches and estuaries fringing the innermost part of Tango Bay.     

Upstream migration mechanisms of juvenile temperate sea bass <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lateolabrax japonicus</Emphasis> in the stratified Yura River estuary

Hydrographic conditions and distributions of juvenile temperate sea bass Lateolabrax japonicus were observed in early spring from 2009 to 2012 in the Yura River estuary, which is highly stratified due to its small tides and consequent seawater intrusion into the bottom layer of the river as a salt wedge. In all four studied years, the upstream expansion of their distribution coincided with the timing of the salt wedge intrusion from the lower to upper estuary, indicating that juvenile fish used salt wedge intrusions to ascend the estuary in early spring. However, juveniles sometimes remained in the nearshore area even when the salt wedge intrusion had already occurred, indicating that other triggers are also likely to be necessary. We therefore evaluated the effects of temperature on upstream migration behaviors. The relationship between the mean temperature they experienced from hatch until starting the ascent and mean age of each cohort at the upstream migration fitted with the law of effective cumulative temperature. Most cohorts ascended the river at an effective cumulative temperature of approximately 500 °C–days. This suggests that higher temperatures would lead to a shorter period prior to the upstream migration.