黄河乌兰布和沙漠段沿岸风沙流结构与沙丘移动规律

为明确黄河乌兰布和沙漠段沿岸的风沙活动及沙丘移动特征,该文以黄河乌兰布和沙漠段沿岸的流动沙丘为研究对象,采用野外观测与实验室分析相结合的方法对沿岸沙丘的起沙风况、沙物质组成、风沙流结构及沙丘移动规律进行初步的定量研究。结果表明:起沙风的主风为西南—西风,集中于3-5月份,且5～6m/s风占起沙风的50.26%;沙物质粒径以细砂(0.1～0.25mm)为主,沿黄段沙丘粒径极细砂以下(≤0.1mm)的沙物质粒径组成比沙漠腹地减少8.92%;距地60cm高度范围内,81.75%的沙物质在0～10cm高的气层中通过。在沙丘的不同部位上,相对输沙量与高程之间有着良好的幂函数关系;沙丘向前移动的距离为8.19m/a,主要发生在3-5月份。该研究结果可为合理计算入黄风积沙量及完善黄河沿岸综合防护体系提供科学依据。     

A screening test for Mycosphaerella brassicicola on Brassica oleracea

A greenhouse screening method for resistance to ringspot (Mycosphaerella brassicicola) inBrassica oleracea is described. High infection levels were achieved by spraying young plants by mycelial inoculum enriched with 3% sucrose. The screening method was tested on three Brussels sprouts, three cabbage and three cauliflower cultivars, with known reactions to ringspot in the field. Resistance was expressed both in cotyledons and true leaves by a lower number of lesions than the susceptible control and/or by hypersensitive reactions. Results of the seedling tests reflected differences in resistance in the field. Under controlled conditions the new test can be applied year-round to young plants, thus accelerating selection procedures.     

The Control of Rinderpest in Tanzania between 1997 and 1998

In January 1997, Tanzania requested international assistance against rinderpest on the grounds that the virus had probably entered the country from southern Kenya. Over the next few months, a variety of attempts were made to determine the extent of the incursion by searching for serological and clinical evidence of the whereabouts of the virus. At the clinical level, these attempts were hampered by the low virulence of the strain, and at the serological level by the lack of a baseline against which contemporary interpretations could be made. Once it became apparent that neither surveillance tool was likely to produce a rapid result, an infected area was declared on common-sense grounds and emergency vaccination was initiated. The vaccination programme had two objectives, firstly to prevent any further entry across the international border, and secondly to contain and if possible eliminate rinderpest from those districts into which it had already entered. On the few occasions that clinical rinderpest was subsequently found, it was always within this provisional infected area. Emergency vaccination campaigns within the infected area ran from January to the end of March 1997 but were halted by the onset of the long rains. At this time, seromonitoring in two districts showed that viral persistence was still theoretically possible and therefore a second round of emergency vaccination was immediately organized. Further seromonitoring then indicated a large number of villages with population antibody prevalences of over 85%. These populations were considered to have been `immunosterilized'. Although no clinical disease had been observed in them, it was decided to undertake additional vaccination in a group of districts to the south of the infected area. Serosurveillance indicated that rinderpest could have been present in a number of these districts prior to vaccination. Serosurveillance in 1998 suggested that numerous vaccinated animals had probably moved into districts outside the infected and additional vaccination areas, but did not rule out the continued presence of field infection.     

基于风洞试验的风沙区光伏阵列近地表形态变化规律研究

[目的] 研究库布齐沙漠中段沙区光伏阵列扰动下地表形态变化规律及其与风环境的关系,为科学制定沙区光伏电站次生风沙危害防治技术方案提供理论依据。[方法] 运用风洞试验方法,分析光伏阵列与风向之间夹角为0°,45°,90°,135°和180°时光伏阵列地表蚀积空间分布规律和地表形态剖面特征。[结果] 夹角为±90°时,迎风侧前两排电板区域地表蚀积变化表现为风蚀以中度和重度为主,堆积以轻度为主。第3—5排电板区域在前两排电板的遮蔽作用下风沙活动强度大幅降低。夹角为±45°时所有电板区域蚀积变化规律较为相似;45°时蚀积变化表现为风蚀以中度和重度为主,堆积以中度和轻度为主,小范围出现重度堆积现象;-45°时风蚀和堆积均表现为以轻度和中度为主。以8 m/s风速条件为例,不同夹角条件光伏阵列地表蚀积强度表现为：45°>90°>-45°>-90°>0°。夹角为0°时最小,蚀积变化极差仅为1.265 cm。夹角为45°时最大,蚀积变化极差可达5.429 cm。夹角绝对值相等符号相反风况条件下,夹角为正值相较负值时光伏阵列地表风沙活动更为强烈。夹角为45°时蚀积强度是夹角为-45°时的1.566倍,夹角为90°时则是夹角为-90°时的1.269倍。[结论] 沙区光伏阵列次生风沙危害的防治技术方案设计应充分考虑区域主害风向条件。     

干旱胁迫对柳枝稷幼苗生理特征的影响

柳枝稷（Panicum virgatum L 。）是一种优良的纤维素类草本能源植物,被认为是一种理想的可再生替代能源,同时又具有优良的牧草特性及水土保持功能。研究水分胁迫对柳枝稷幼苗生理特性的影响,可为其在干旱地区大面积栽培种植提供依据。研究结果表明,柳枝稷幼苗叶片水分随着停水时间延长逐渐降低,但是叶片含水量下降趋势较为平缓,在试验时段内,柳枝稷叶片具有一定保水能力。干旱胁迫下,柳枝稷幼苗叶片的叶绿素a含量、叶绿素总含量与对照相比均表现为明显减少,干旱对叶绿素a的影响要明显高于叶绿素b;干旱胁迫后期,柳枝稷植株体内游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量显著升高,丙二醛含量也有明显增加,可见,柳枝稷幼苗能通过增加游离脯氨酸及提高可溶性糖含量来缓解土壤干旱胁迫的伤害,表现出一定的抗干旱特性。     

退耕还林工程建设对吴起县域植被碳储量的影响

采用标准样地调查结合数据分析的方法研究了吴起县退耕还林工程实施后,人工林的含碳率、碳储量及空间分布特征,结果表明：吴起县9类退耕还林地植被层总碳密度由大到小的顺序为：柠条〉刺槐〉沙棘〉紫穗槐〉臭椿〉山杏〉山桃〉侧柏〉油松,均大于天然草地的总碳密度;吴起县退耕还林12年后植被的总碳储量为152.53万t,是退耕还林前1998年总碳储量的3.2倍,且其空间分布也发生了较大的转变。吴起县退耕还林地的平均碳密度值远低于我国及世界各地森林平均碳密度的一些估计值,各类林地生态系统的碳储量还有很大潜力空间。     

《计件工资计算机管理系统》的设计与实现

介绍在《计件工资计算机管理系统》研制中的具有交流意义的几个问题。其中介绍选择MIS的开发方法、数据库设计、数据处理的几个方法，最后给出系统评价。     

转基因抗虫棉与陆地棉种质间的杂种优势和配合力分析

采用NCⅡ交配设计,对5份转基因抗虫棉、6份柱头外露种质资源和彩色棉等陆地棉优异亲本组配杂交,分析杂种F1的11个性状的杂种优势和配合力.结果表明,主要产量性状皮棉产量,超高优势的平均值为6.18%,16个组合具正向的杂种优势;中亲优势的平均值为37.41%,24个组合均具有正向的中亲优势;竞争优势的平均值为-15.19%,8个组合出现正向竞争优势.其它产量性状铃重、单株铃数的杂种优势最为明显.纤维品质性状、2.5%跨长、比强度和伸长率的竞争优势明显.高亲值、中亲值和低亲值与F1平均值的相关关系表明,多数性状F1代平均值与中亲值和低亲值相关性密切.经配合力分析,双价321、新棉33 B、HK-1、96-67、惠无3055和01 HN 06表现较显著的GCA效应;SCA效应显著的7个性状中,A 1×B 6、A 2×B 5、A 2×B 3等组合有7个性状的SCA效应为正值.     

Predator-prey interactions in continuous culture

The exploitation of a bacterial food supply by a protozoan predator does not necessarily lead to the extinction of either species. Even a "homogeneous" experimental system contains sufficient heterogeneity (the boundaries) for avoidance strategies to evolve, which allow the populations to presist.     

The induction of sporulation in sclerotinia fructicola and some other fungi and the production of “P310”

Evidence is presented suggesting that the sporulation ofS. fructicola probably proceeds by several phases. Light stimulates development of primordia but inhibits conidia formation.P₃₁₀, for the first time mentioned by Leach, does not have a sporogenic character. It is, however, a photo product of a metabolic substance formed by the fungus. The production of P₃₁₀ is much higher in mycelium cultivated in light of short wave-lengths and increases with the intensity of the light.The P₃₁₀-production is not common for all fungi. It is possible that the precursor for the photochemical reaction is missing in the mycelium of fungi, which do not produce the factor.Samenvatting De groeistadia vanSclerotinia fructicola werden bij het kweken in licht en donker bestudeerd. De groei begint met de vorming van hyfen in de agar, daarna treden de toppen van bepaalde hyfen boven de agar uit (primordia) en vormen conidioforen en conidiën. In continu donker verloopt dit proces zoals boven weergegeven, doch in continu licht (4800 Lux of hoger) wordt wel het mycelium in de agar gevormd en de primordia aangelegd, doch dan stopt het groeiproces. Bij lichtintensiteiten lager dan 4800 Lux vindt wel de vorming van conidioforen plaats. Deze verheffen zich boven de agar en zijn spaarzaam vertakt in tegenstelling tot de conidioforen, die in het donker gevormd worden. Deze zijn rijkelijk vertakt en vormen als het ware een mat op de agar.De groiisnelheid van het mycelium is in licht en donker even groot.Gaat aan de donkerperiode een lichtperiode vooraf, dan is deze van geen invloed op de sporulatie, mits de donkerperiode langer dan 48 uur duurt. Is deze korter, dan blijft het mycelium dat vóór de donkerperiode gevormd is, achter in sporulatie.Licht voorfgaande aan een donkerperiode van 15 uur, stimuleert in het jongste mycelium de sporulatie. Het licht heeft zowel een stimulerende als een remmende invloed.P₃₁₀, voor het eerst door Leach vermeld, bleek geen sporegene stof; het is echter een stof, die onder invloed van licht ontstaat uit een stofwisselingsprodukt van de schimmel.Bij de vorming van P₃₁₀ is licht van kortere golflengte van groter invloed dan licht met langere golflengte en de P₃₁₀-productie neemt toe met de intensiteit van het gebruikte licht.De vorming van P₃₁₀ komt niet voor bij alle fungi. Het is mogelijk dat de precursor voor de fotochemische reactie ontbreekt in het mycelium van deze schimmels.