烟草丛顶病毒RNA依赖RNA聚合酶(RdRp)介导的体外复制体系

通过重叠PCR扩增得到烟草丛顶病毒(Tobacco bushy top virus,TBTV)中国分离物RdRp的编码序列,构建以pMALC2X为基础载体的原核表达载体pMAL-TB-RdRp。0.5 mM IPTG诱导可特异性表达分子量约为120 kDa的MBP-RdRp融合蛋白。温度梯度实验显示,18℃下诱导表达的MBP-RdRp融合蛋白的可溶性比例较高,约17%;经亲和层析纯化的MBPRdRp可特异性识别TBTV正链和负链的3'末端序列,催化体外复制;对正负链的3'末端的体外复制效率存在差别,识别负链3'末端的体外复制效率明显高于正链3'末端。本研究创建的TBTV RdRp介导的体外复制体系为进一步研究TBTV基因组复制调控奠定了基础。     

生食牡蛎从离水到餐桌安全与质量管理现状与对策

生食牡蛎的安全与质量是影响其销售价格的关键要素。本文首先回顾了各国关于生食牡蛎的安全质量管理现状,并从安全性、活力状态、风味质量三个方面综述。然后从流通链的角度,系统分析了养殖、捕捞、清洗、净化、运输、销售等关键节点对生食牡蛎品质的影响。牡蛎从养殖到销售的整个过程中,可能受到多重安全危害因子的影响,对其食用安全性造成潜在威胁,其中主要包括贝类毒素、重金属、有害微生物、病毒等,通过规范的养殖和流通管理可消除这些危害。此外,从离水到餐桌,牡蛎暴露于一系列可能引发应激反应的环境压力源（干露、温度、氧气、密度等）,导致活力状态和风味品质下降严重,也造成了重大经济损失。由于胁迫方式、胁迫强度、持续时间等差异,不同节点上相同或不同的应激源的影响非常复杂。快速准确的活力评价是进行流通中质量管理的基础,本文综述了牡蛎流通过程中遭遇多重胁迫时,其代谢与活力的关联,以及代谢物对风味特性的影响。为生食牡蛎进行精准的品质控制提供理论依据。     

双重PCR快速鉴别无乳链球菌和海豚链球菌

根据无乳链球菌的cfb基因和海豚链球菌16SrRNA基因序列,设计、合成2对引物,优化扩增条件,建立了快速鉴别无乳链球菌和海豚链球菌的双重PCR方法.用该方法扩增无乳链球菌和海豚链球菌,可分别获得474、296bp的特异性片段,扩增嗜水气单胞菌、铜绿假单胞菌等其他常见鱼病原菌无特异性片段.该方法可实现对无乳链球菌和海豚链球菌的快速鉴别,具较高的灵敏度,可检测到基因组含量分别为3.2×10-3ng/μL的无乳链球菌和3.0×10-2ng/μL的海豚链球菌.对采集自广东与海南两省养殖罗非鱼病鱼的11份病原样品进行检测,均可获得474bp片段,测序与BLAST分析结果表明,扩增到的序列均为无乳链球菌cfb基因序列,可从分子水平上确定这些样品为无乳链球菌,与生化鉴定结果一致.     

Challenges in developing and implementing a decision support systems (ETÇAP) in forest management planning: a case study in Honaz and Ibradı, Turkey

Decision support systems (DSSs) are indispensable tools in preparing a forest management plan for a better combination of multiple forest values. This study attempted to develop and explain a stand-based forest management DSS (Ecosystem-based multiple-use forest planning [ETÇAP]) comprising a traditional simulation, linear programming (LP), metaheuristics and geographic information system. The model consists of five submodels; traditional management approach to handle inventory data, an empirical growth and yield model, a simulation to conceptualize management actions, a LP technique to optimize resource allocation and a simulated annealing approach to directly create a spatially feasible harvest schedule. The ETÇAP model has been implemented in a comparative two case study areas; Denizli–Honaz and Akseki–Ibrad?. Both simulation and optimization models outperformed to the traditional management plan. The periodical change of growing stock, allowable cuts, carbon sequestration and water production are used as performance indicators. The results showed that more amount of wood could be harvested over time compared to traditional level of harvesting. It could be concluded that various management strategies allowed managers to stimulate more decision options for better outputs through intertemporal trade-offs of management interventions as the model provided tools to quantify forest dynamics over time and space. Challenges exist to establish the functional relationships between forest structure and values for better quantification and integration into the management plans.     

保水剂在京郊果园的应用试验研究

重点研究了果园施用保水剂后剖面土壤水分动态、果树耗水规律 ,探讨了保水剂作用下土壤水分对果树生长、果实生长发育、产量与品质的影响规律 ,同时对保水剂在山区果园的应用进行了经济可行性分析     

The harvest of the freshwater crayfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Astacus leptodactylus</Emphasis> Eschscholtz in Turkey: harvest history,impact of crayfish plague,and present distribution of harvested populations

This review focuses on the present distribution of populations of the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus that are harvested in Turkey. It also examines the history of this harvest and the impact that crayfish plague has had on them. Crayfish plague, caused by the fungus-like organism, Aphanomyces astaci Schikora, 1906, is a severe parasite of freshwater crayfish and has caused a lot of damage to A. leptodactylus populations in Turkey since 1984. Turkey was the largest provider of A. leptodactylus to Western Europe from 1970 (or possibly earlier) until 1986. For example, the peak production was reached in the early 1980s, with over 5,000 tonnes being exported in 1984. On the other hand, as a result of the crayfish plague the harvest of A. leptodactylus was reduced severely in most populations in Turkey after 1985. The harvest was only 320 tonnes in 1991. After the occurrence of crayfish plague in Turkey, in order to increase crayfish production uncontrolled A. leptodactylus stockings have been carried out in many waterbodies throughout Turkey. These introductions have caused an increase in the number of A. leptodactylus populations, but exploitation of A. leptodactylus is still under the pressure of the plague, although there has been a steady increase in crayfish production in recent years. The harvest increased to 2,317 tonnes in 2004. Fortunately, among those populations affected by crayfish plague, large amounts of A. leptodactylus can still be harvested from three lakes, ?znik (Bursa), E?irdir (Isparta) and Çivril (Denizli). Thus, it seems that A. leptodactylus has a degree of resistance to crayfish plague. It is therefore interesting to investigate the resistance of A. leptodactylus caught from these populations to crayfish plague.     

Obtaining medical textiles including microcapsules of the ozonated vegetable oils

In this paper, it was aimed to obtain disposable medical textiles having antibacterial and wound healing properties, as well as biological adaption. For this purpose, the St. John’s Wort oil and flax seed oil were ozonated, and the oils were capsulated with arabic gum. The produced ozonated oils were characterized through FTIR and TGA analyses, as well as the properties of antibacterial, wound healing, and biological adaption were investigated. The produced microcapsules were examined via optical microscope and FTIR. The characterized microcapsules of the ozonated oils were applied to the textiles with padding method. After the applications, the fabrics were researched with SEM and FTIR analyses; in addition the antibacterial and wound healing properties and biological adaption of the textiles were also investigated. The results showed that the St. John’s Wort oil and flax seed oil were successfully ozonated and microcapsulated. The microcapsules of the oils could be applied to the fabric samples with the determined application recipe. The ozonated oils and the fabric samples applied microcapsules of the ozonated oils gained high antibacterial and wound healing property. In addition, the fabric samples were produced as having biological adaptation.     

草菇子实体提取物的抗氧化活性

为考察草菇(Volvariella volvacea)子实体提取物(VBS)的抗氧化活性,测定了对两种自由基的清除率及其总还原力,结果表明:对羟自由基和DPPH自由基的清除率以及总还原力均与VBS的浓度存在正相关的量效关系,IC50值分别为1.40、0.67、0.63mg/mL。以ICR雄性小鼠为研究对象,灌胃给药12d,再用CCl4花生油溶液灌胃,8h后分别测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)的活力及丙二醛(MDA)的含量,各项指标在血清中的结果表明,VBS中剂量组(200 mg/kg)的抗氧化活性较好,而在肝脏中则表明VBS高剂量组(400mg/kg)的抗氧化活性较好。     

黄土高原地区秋粮作物生产潜力模拟研究

应用 DSSAT3中的 CERES-谷子模型、CROPGRO-大豆模型和 SU BSTOR-马铃薯模型分别模拟研究了黄土高原 2 8个地点谷子、大豆和马铃薯的光温生产潜力 (TPP)和气候生产潜力 (CPP) ,获得了各点 6～ 15年各作物的产量潜力值 ,并统计计算了研究时段内各作物生产潜力的平均值、标准差、最高值、最低值和水分满足率 (WCR)。