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1.
Assessment of Biogas use as an Energy Source from Anaerobic Digestion of Brewery Wastewater 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bahar Kasapgil Ince Orhan Ince G. Ken Anderson Semiha Arayici 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,126(3-4):239-251
Energy recovery from a crossflow ultrafiltration (UF) membraneunit employed in order to improve the performance of an anaerobic contact digester for the treatment of brewery wastewater was assessed. The performance of the pilot-scale anaerobic UF membrane system was studied for over 15 months. At steady-state conditions, an organic loading rate of 28.5 kg COD m-3 d-1, a hydraulic retention time of 4.2 days and overall COD and BOD removal efficiencies of 99% and almost 100% were achieved, respectively. Percent methane in biogas was found to be in a range of 67–79% with the corresponding methane yield of 0.28–0.35 m3 CH4 kg-1 CODremoved. The potential energy recovery from the system treating brewery wastewater at an OLR of 28.5 kg COD m-3 d-1 was 87 MJ d-1 which would enable to maintain all energy requirements of the feed pump, mixing and heating of the reactor contents. In addition to this, 71% of the energy requirement for recirculating the reactor content through the membranes would also be recovered. 相似文献
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Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is the aetiological agent of many disease types and may predispose infected animals, possibly through immunosuppression, to secondary bacterial infections. Immunosuppression may directly be associated with the induction of programmed cell death (PCD) in some virus-infected cells. Nitric oxide (NO) has an important mediating role against fungal, bacterial, protozoal, viral pathogens and tumours. BHV-1 induced apoptosis between 0.5-3 h postinfection (PI) in MDBK cells; however, between 3 and 6 h PI the PCD response was found to be decreased. It was interesting to see that BHV-I inhibited staurosporin-induced PCD after 1 h. These results showed similarities with those obtained from herpes simplex type I infections in human epithelial cells. PCD response decreased 1 h following caspase-3 inhibitor applications, whereas NO response increased 3 h following infection in the presence of caspase-8 and -9 inhibitory peptides. In conclusion, BHV-1 inhibited the staurosporin-induced apoptotic response and also the NO response. We propose that this inhibition is caspase-3 dependent. 相似文献
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The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of maternal dietary supplementation (n = 10 sows/treatment) with seaweed extract (SWE: 0 vs. 10.0 g/d) from d 107 of gestation until weaning (d 26) on neonatal piglet growth, humoral immunity, intestinal morphology, selected intestinal microflora, and VFA concentrations. Furthermore, this study examined the effect of dietary treatment on the immune response after an ex vivo Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) tissue challenge at weaning in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The main factors consisted of sow dietary treatment (SWE or control) and immunological challenge (yes or no). The SWE supplement (10.0 g/d) contained laminarin (1.0 g), fucoidan (0.8 g), and ash (8.2 g) and was extracted from a Laminaria spp. The SWE-supplemented sows had greater colostrum IgA (P < 0.01) and had a trend for greater IgG (P = 0.062) concentrations compared with non-SWE-supplemented sows. Piglets suckling SWE-supplemented sows had greater serum IgG (P < 0.05) concentrations on d 14 of lactation compared with those suckling non-SWE-supplemented sows. Dietary SWE supplementation decreased fecal Enterobacteriaceae populations in sows at parturition (P < 0.05), and piglets suckling SWE-supplemented sows had a decreased colonic E. coli population at weaning (P < 0.01) compared with non-SWE-supplemented sows. Lipopolysaccharide challenge increased the mRNA abundances of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α and IL-6 (P < 0.01) in ileal tissue and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in colonic (P < 0.01) tissue. There was a treatment × LPS challenge interaction for ileal TNF-α mRNA expression (P < 0.05). Piglets suckling SWE-supplemented sows had greater TNF-α mRNA expression after ex vivo LPS challenge compared with non-SWE-supplemented sows (P < 0.05). However, there was no effect of sow dietary treatment on TNF-α mRNA expression in the unchallenged ileal tissue. Piglet BW at birth and weaning, and small intestinal morphology were unaffected by sow dietary treatment under current experimental conditions. In summary, these results demonstrate an important immunomodulatory role of SWE supplementation characterized by enhanced colostral IgA and IgG concentrations, greater piglet circulatory IgG concentrations on d 14 of lactation, and enhanced TNF-α mRNA expression in the ileum after an ex vivo LPS challenge. These results indicate that SWE supplementation enhanced piglet immune function and colonic microflora at weaning. 相似文献
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This experiment was carried out to determine the percentage of internal connection between rootstock and scion in graft union with nondestructive and noninvasive MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) method and to follow performance status according to internal connection ratios of the grafted rooted vines after planting to vineyard field. Research was established in a factorial randomized block design and carried out with cvs. Merlot and Syrah grafted onto 110?R rootstock and 4 different internal (MRI) connection levels in 3 replications. The percentages of grafted rooted vine internal determination by MRI by four sides (13.75%) in graft union were found to be very low than others at the pre-planting stage. An increase in the internal connection ratio in the majority of the grafted rooted vines was determined after the vegetative growth phase. Therefore, the internal connection ratios of the graft union of rooted vines of cvs. Merlot and Syrah varieties showed a tendency to increase during the second year of development. Again in both cultivars, loss rate of grafted rooted vines showed a decreasing tendency depending on increase of internal connection ratio of graft union. As a result, in case of decrease of MRI costs, it is thought that grafted rooted vine producers may have the opportunity to supply better quality seedlings to vine growers using MRI techniques. 相似文献
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Murat O. Balaban Melanie Chombeau Bahar Gümüş Dilşat Cirban 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(1):45-52
The objective of this study was to develop two methods to predict the volume of whole Alaska pollock and to compare the results with the experimentally measured volumes. One hundred fifty-five whole pollock, obtained from a Kodiak processor, were individually immersed in a graduated cylinder equipped with an outflow tube to catch the displaced water as a result of immersion. The weight of the water was recorded. Then the fish were placed in a light box equipped with a digital video camera, and the side view and top view recorded (2 images for each fish). A reference square of known surface area was placed by the fish. A cubic spline method to predict volume by integration of cross-sectional area slices based on the top and side views and an empirical equation using dimensional (length L, width W, depth D) measurements at three locations of the fish image were developed. The R2 value for the correlation between the L × W × D versus measured volume was 0.987. The best R2 for the correlation of the predicted volume by the cubic spline method versus the measured volume was 0.99. Image analysis can be used reliably to predict the volume of whole Alaska pollock. 相似文献
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Pinar Yerlikaya Nalan Gokoglu Osman Kadir Topuz Bahar Gumus Hanife Aydan Yatmaz 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(8):1339-1347
ABSTRACTThis research aimed to inhibit the oxidation of fish lipid by adding the ethanol extracts of albedo and flavedo fragments of grapefruit, sour orange, and bergamot. The samples were stored at 25°C, and analyses were performed on weekly intervals. The albedo fragments of sour orange extract had the highest antioxidant activity (0.342 ± 0.002 µM Trolox) and total phenolic content (5.29 ± 0.00 g GAE/100 g dry matter). Lipid oxidation increased rapidly in control samples compared to the extract treatments. The lowest scores for thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), para-anisidine value, peroxide value, and UV absorbance values were determined in sour orange albedo extracts as 5.21 mg MDA/kg, 17.81 and 4.78 meq O2/kg, 2.24, and 0.403, respectively, at the end of the storage. More successful results were obtained with the peels of grapefruit and bergamot in supressing the lipid oxidation. Bergamot extract was the most preferred citrus in terms of sensory analyses. 相似文献
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Mahnaz Rashidi Youbert Ghosta Masoud Bahar 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,127(2):157-159
Russian olive trees (Elaeagnus angustifolia) showing witches’ broom symptoms typical of phytoplasma infection were observed in the Urmia region of Iran. A phytoplasma
named Russian olive witches’ broom phytoplasma (ROWBp-U) was detected from all symptomatic samples by amplification of the
16S rRNA gene and 16S/23S rDNA spacer region using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which gave a product of expected length.
DNA from symptomless plants used as a negative control yielded no product. The sequence of the 16S rRNA gene and 16S/23S rDNA
spacer region of ROWBp-U showed 99% similarity with the homologous genes of members of the aster yellows group. We also detected
a phytoplasma in neighboring alfalfa plants (AlWBp-U) showing severe witches’ broom symptoms. An 1107 bp PCR product from
the 16S rRNA gene showed 99% homology with the corresponding product in ROWBp-U, suggesting the presence of the same phytoplasma
actively vectored in the area. Further observations showed that Russian olive trees with typical ROWB symptoms were present
in an orchard near Tehran which is located over 530 km south-east of the original Urmia site. The corresponding sequence of
this phytoplasma (ROWBp-T) showed 99% homology to that of the ROWBp-U. A sequence homology study based on the 16S rRNA gene
and 16S/23S rDNA spacer region of ROWBp-U and other phytoplasmas showed that ROWBp-U is most closely related to the 16SrI
group. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a phytoplasma infection in a member of the Elaeagnaceae. 相似文献
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Elham Ghanbari Hakimeh Gavzan Bahar Khoshkroodian Mohammad Sayyah 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2021,25(3):213
Background:Despite introduction of modern antiepileptic drugs, 30% of epileptic patients are still drug resistant. Remarkable three-dimensional spatial structure of AdCA, yet the simplicity of the molecule, makes AdCA a promising lead compound. Methods:Sedative/motor impairment and 24-h mortality rate of AdCA were determined in mice. Impact of AdCA on (1) threshold and occurrence of clonic seizures induced by PTZ in mice, (2) incidence of tonic seizures induced by MES in mice, and (3) incidence of generalized seizures and duration of evoked afterdischarges in amygdala-kindled rats, were determined. The role of benzodiazepine receptors in the AdCA effect on clonic seizure threshold was also assessed. Results:AdCA showed sedative effect (TD50 = 224.5 [190.2-289.9] mg/kg). LD50 = 805.5 (715.2–988.1) mg/kg was obtained for AdCA. The compound increased PTZ seizure threshold from 180 mg/kg (p < 0.05) and also inhibited the incidence of clonic seizures (ED50 = 256.3 [107.4-417.3] mg/kg). AdCA also decreased afterdischarge duration (p < 0.01) and the incidence of generalized seizures (ED50 < 50 mg/kg) in the kindled rats. However, AdCA did not protect mice against tonic seizures induced by MES. The benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil prevented the increase of seizure threshold by AdCA. Conclusion:AdCA possesses anticonvulsant activity in kindling and PTZ models through the activation of benzodiazepine/GABAA receptors with acceptable therapeutic index. Key Words: Anticonvulsants, Flumazenil, Pentylenetetrazole 相似文献