猪流行性腹泻病毒SYBR Green I实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

为了建立高效、灵敏的猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)检测方法,本研究从GenBank数据库中获取PEDV N基因序列,扩增出PEDV N基因标准质粒,并在N基因的保守区域内设计了一对特异性荧光定量引物,成功建立了SYBR Green I实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。经过一系列试验表明,该检测方法线性关系良好,R²值为0.99;特异性强,敏感性高,最低可检测至2.23 copies/μL,比普通PCR灵敏约100倍;重复性好,组内变异系数为0.25%～0.43%,组间变异系数为0.67%～0.97%;对于各地区96份临床样品检测出PEDV阳性率为25%。本研究建立的实时荧光定量PCR检测方法为PEDV的临床诊断、流行病学调查以及定量研究提供了有效的检测工具。     

杏(Prunus armeniaca)自交不亲和强度及其授粉受精相关特性

为了解杏自交不亲和性强度与授粉受精相关特性的关系,以自交亲和(Self-compatibility:SC)品种凯特(Prunus armeniaca L．cv．Katy)和自交不亲和(Self-incompatibility:SI)品种新世纪(P.armeniaca L.cv．Xinshiji)及凯特×新世纪杂种群体为试材,荧光显微镜观察自交亲和与自交不亲和杏花粉管生长动态。结果表明,授粉后初期,自交亲和性与自交不亲和性的杏花粉都能正常萌发、生长,但是在花粉管生长延伸到花柱1／2以后,自交亲和性的花粉管能顺利进入子房,而自交不亲和性的花粉管多数顶端膨大呈球形,停止向下生长,只有极个别能正常生长到达子房;杂种后代的可溶性蛋白含量和RNA酶比活力,与亲本相比无明显的趋中变异表现,而且在自交亲和与自交不亲和杏之间无显著性差异。     

National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures

Most people hold beliefs about personality characteristics typical of members of their own and others' cultures. These perceptions of national character may be generalizations from personal experience, stereotypes with a "kernel of truth," or inaccurate stereotypes. We obtained national character ratings of 3989 people from 49 cultures and compared them with the average personality scores of culture members assessed by observer ratings and self-reports. National character ratings were reliable but did not converge with assessed traits. Perceptions of national character thus appear to be unfounded stereotypes that may serve the function of maintaining a national identity.     

Molecular cloning and characterization of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) CD8alpha

In this work, the gene and cDNA of the sea bass CD8alpha have been isolated and characterized. The coding sequence has an ORF of 666 bp. It retains the Ig motif that interacts with MHC and the two cysteines responsible for an intra-chain disulfide bridge. The hinge region contains the two essential cysteines involved in dimerization. The transmembrane region is well conserved in all analysed sequences. Similar to other teleosts, the cytoplasmic region lacks the consensus p56(lck) motif common in higher vertebrates. Analysis of the expression pattern using RT-PCR shows the highest expression in the thymus. Like in the human gene, the sea bass CD8alpha genomic structure is organized into six exons, which roughly correspond to separate functional domains of the protein. Southern blotting shows that CD8alpha exists as a single copy gene. Together, these results support the concept that the basic structure of CD8alpha has been maintained through evolution.     

夏季北黄海贝类养殖区环境因子、长牡蛎糖原和免疫指标变化的调查研究

为解析夏季环境胁迫和长牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）机体响应特征,实验针对2021年北黄海夏季高温降雨期的长牡蛎养殖海区开展了2次调查研究和对比分析。结果显示,7月份海区表层水温分别为25.3 ℃和24.9 ℃,盐度分别为26.41和27.87;表层海水中硅藻丰度分别为3.6×103和3×103 个/L,低于往年平均水平,甲藻多样性增加,表层海水中细菌的总丰度分别为2.10×109和2.77×1010 拷贝/L,弧菌丰度分别为3.37×108和5.40×108 拷贝/L;长牡蛎肝胰腺糖原含量分别为40.96和31.58 mg/g、闭壳肌糖原含量分别为6.63和8.91 mg/g;鳃MDA含量分别为13.74和8.69 nmol/mg prot、鳃T-AOC分别为0.46和0.77 U/mg prot;海区养殖长牡蛎血淋巴细胞中CgIL17-5和CgTNF-1的mRNA表达量在第一次调查时相对室内暂养长牡蛎均剧烈升高;血淋巴细胞中CgCaspase3的mRNA表达量升高但差异不显著。综上,2021年北黄海贝类养殖区在经历6—7月夏季高温降雨期后出现水温升高和盐度降低现象,硅藻丰度较往年平均水平下降而甲藻多样性增加,细菌总丰度较入夏前水平降低而弧菌丰度显著升高。与室内暂养对照组长牡蛎相比,海区养殖长牡蛎的糖原含量下降,并发生轻度氧化应激。研究结果有助于我们进一步理解夏季养殖环境的变化规律和长牡蛎机体响应特征,为预防夏季大规模死亡发生提供理论依据和参考。     

雏鸡良好的生长发育始于其出壳后的第4天

雏鸡需要最佳的育雏条件,以帮助其成功地渡过最佳生长期或育成期。荷兰生产的HatchBrood育雏器能提供这些条件,就像仍由抱窝母鸡照顾出壳后最初4 d中的雏鸡一样。然而,不同的是HatchBrood育雏器能够在一个育雏室内一次照顾39 600羽雏鸡。     

pH对红鳍东方纯（Takifugu rubripes）消化酶活力的影响

本文研究了pH对红鳍东方纯消化道和肝胰脏中蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力的影响。结果表明：红鳍东方纯前肠蛋白酶和淀粉酶最适pH分别为：5．4和5．0;中肠蛋白酶和淀粉酶的最适pH分别为：8．7和7．0;后肠蛋白酶和淀粉酶的最适pH分别为：6．5和7．0;肝胰脏蛋白酶和淀粉酶的最适pH均为7．0;肠和肝胰脏的脂肪酶的最适pH均为7．0。     

农机安全宣传教育的性质特点及其在农机监理中的作用

农机安全宣传教育是农机安全监理工作的重要组成部分,贯穿在整个安全监理工作的全过程。阐述了农机安全宣传教育的基本内容和形式,介绍了其性质和特点,论述了其在农机监理工作中的地位和作用,并提出了建议。     

Influence of adjuvant formulation on the induced protection of mice immunized with total soluble antigen of Trichinella spiralis

Vaccination of pigs against the helminth nematode Trichinella could be a good alternative to prevent the risk of human infection. In order to develop an efficient and safe vaccine, the choice of the adjuvant is an important issue. In this study, two adjuvants were selected to prepare vaccines based on total soluble Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae (ML) antigen: Montanide ISA 70 water in oil emulsion and Montanide IMS nanoparticles. Aluminium hydroxide was used as a reference adjuvant. The immune response was checked by ELISA of parasite antigen specific IgG1 and IgE. Finally, protection induced in vaccinated mice was measured after a T. spiralis challenge by counting ML burdens. The results clearly showed an impact of adjuvants on the specific IgG1 and IgE antibody responses against T. spiralis. Differences were observed between the rates of protection induced according to the type of formulation, although the three adjuvants tested were able to enhance the humoral immune response. This work demonstrated the need to use an adjuvant to obtain a specific IgG1 and IgE responses directed against the total soluble extract of T. spiralis.     

表达猪源GM-CSF重组PRRSV疫苗对同源高致病性毒株的免疫保护效力评价

为研究表达猪源粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)的重组猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)在动物体内的免疫调节特性及对其的保护效力评价,本研究将15头30日龄仔猪随机分成4组,空白对照组(DMEM)4头、疫苗对照组(HuN4-F112株)4头、疫苗组(rPRRSV-GM-CSF株)3头和攻毒对照组(DMEM+HuN4株)4头。疫苗对照组肌注免疫HuN4-F112株10⁵ TCID₅₀/头、疫苗组肌注免疫rPRRSV-GM-CSF株10⁵ TCID₅₀/头,实验空白组和攻毒对照组肌注DMEM 2 mL/头,免疫后28 d,疫苗组、疫苗对照组和攻毒对照组肌注HuN4株(10₅ TCID₅₀/头)。攻毒后的试验结果表明,免疫rPRRSV-GM-CSF重组病毒组和疫苗株HuN4-F112组获得完全保护,阴性对照组全部死亡;通过IDEXX试剂盒检测仔猪血清中PRRSV抗体水平可知,在免疫14 d后,疫苗组抗体水平显著高于疫苗对照组(P<0.05);由...