Magnetic flux transport on the sun

Although most of the magnetic flux observed on the sun originates in the low-latitude sunspot belts, this flux is gradually dispersed over a much wider range of latitudes by supergranular convective motions and meridional circulation. Numerical simulations show how these transport processes interact over the 11-year sunspot cycle to produce a strong "topknot" polar field, whose existence near sunspot minimum is suggested by the observed strength of the interplanetary magnetic field and by the observed areal extent of polar coronal holes. The required rates of diffusion and flow are consistent with the decay rates of active regions and with the rotational properties of the large-scale solar magnetic field.     

Relative efficacy of organophosphorus insecticides against susceptible and resistant strains of the strike blowfly Lucilia cuprina (Calliphoridae) in New Zealand sheep

Four groups of five Romney lambs were treated by plunge dipping with one of four registered organophosphorus flystrike preventatives. Untreated lambs acted as controls. The sheep were challenged at weekly intervals with larval implants of organophosphate-susceptible and -resistant strains of Lucilia cuprina. All four treatments provided 19-21 weeks protection against susceptible larvae but chlorfenvinphos provided the longest protection (16-17 weeks), followed by propetamphos (15-16 weeks), dichlofenthion (10-13 weeks) and diazinon (9-13 weeks), against the resistant strain.     

Eosinophilic papulocrustous dermatitis (miliary dermatitis) and eosinophilic inflammatory bowel disease in two cats

Two cats with chronic eosinophilic skin disease were investigated. The clinical investigation of the skin disease in one cat was limited and inflammatory bowel disease was diagnosed post mortem. A history of weight loss and a palpably thickened bowel in the second cat suggested concurrent gastrointestinal disease. Diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease was confirmed on biopsy. Treatment with azathioprine and methylprednisolone acetate resolved the signs of gastrointestinal disease, the pruritus and 95% of the skin lesions. The concurrence of eosinophilic papulocrustous dermatitis and eosinophilic bowel disease raises the possibility of their being linked bv a common aetiology or pathophysiology.     

Gulf stream: velocity fluctuations during the late cenozoic

Biostratigraphic analysis of seven piston cores from the southeastern Blake Plateau suggests that the upper Miocene to Recent sedimentary section at this location represents a history of deposition of calcareous ooze alternating with current-induced nondeposition or erosion. This record is primarily a result of long-term fluctuations in the velocity of the western boundary current or Gulf Stream, which sweeps the plateau. High-velocity phases of this current system, as signaled by hiatuses in the section, lie within the time limits 4.8 to 6.1, 3.9 to 4.4, 2.3 to 2.9, and 0 to 1.5 million years before present (B.P.). These time intervals are coeval with dated episodes of climatic decline and glaciation. The most intense acceleration of the Gulf Stream, as indicated by deep erosion of the Blake Plateau, occurred in the latest Miocene to earliest Pliocene (4.8 to 6.1 million years B.P.) in conjunction with a major expansion of the Antarctic ice cap. Subsequent accelerations of the Gulf Stream coincide with early Pliocene cooling in the Southern Hemisphere, worldwide expansion of high-altitude-high-latitude glaciers in the late Pliocene, and the classical glaciations of the Pleistocene. An additional, protracted increase in the average velocity of the Gulf Stream, which began in the late Miocene and culminated in the mid-Pliocene (about 3.8 million years B.P.), can be attributed to the gradual emergence of the Central American isthmus.     

傀儡湖鲢、鳙的生长特性及渔业利用

对江苏昆山市傀儡湖冬季围网捕捞到的鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鱅(Aristichthys mobilis)的生长状况进行了测量分析。结果表明:在保水渔业模式下,鲢、鳙的生长速度慢于传统放养模式;鲢的全长、体重生长方程分别为:Lt=73.12×[1-e-0.35(t+0.86)];Wt=7.74×[1-e-0.35(t+0.86)]2.9031,鳙的全长、体重生长方程分别为:Lt=94.35×[1-e-0.25(t+0.73)];Wt=15.26×[1-e-0.25(t+0.73)]2.7372;鲢体重生长速度以1-3龄较高,生长拐点为2.2龄,鳙体重生长速度以1-4龄较高,生长拐点为3.3龄。为了使鲢、鳙放养的除藻效应和经济效益达到最优,傀儡湖渔业利用鲢应以4龄为起捕年龄,鳙应以5龄为起捕年龄。     

洪湖低湖田改造池塘河蟹养殖技术研究

在洪湖湖滨地区筛选了4种当地主要的河蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)养殖方式,对池塘与水源的环境因子进行了监测比较,分析各因子对河蟹收获参数的影响。结果显示:7—10月中,8月水温和氨氮含量最高,各池塘水体理化指标月平均值无显著差异;各池塘水草生物量逐月急剧下降,至10月底基本消失,其月平均值与成蟹体重、回捕率及特定生长率显著负相关。高温季节是防止河蟹氨氮中毒死亡的关键时期;水草调节水体营养、稳定底质、吸附水体悬浮质的功能对河蟹存活及生长有重要作用。当地优势池塘养殖方式为:放养规格约5 g/ind.,密度16875 ind./ha,水草移栽以伊乐藻为主,搭配其它种类,覆盖率约为60%,动物性饵料投喂比例约为66%,螺蛳投喂量约3638 kg/ha。     

Interaction of curcumin with phosphatidylcholine: A spectrofluorometric study

Curcumin [1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3, 5-dione], the main constituent of the rhizomes of the plant Curcume longa L. (turmeric), is a powerful antioxidant in both enzymatic and nonenzymatic systems. The interactions of curcumin with egg and soy phosphatidylcholine were followed by fluorescence spectroscopy. Curcumin had very weak fluorescence in aqueous system, which was enhanced in apolar environments. Curcumin emitted at 490 nm after being excited at 451 nm in phosphatidylcholine micelles. The equilibrium constants for the interaction of curcumin with egg and soy phosphatidylcholine were (3.26 +/- 0.2) x 10(5) and (2.64 +/- 0.2) x 10(5) M(-1), respectively. From the Scatchard plot of the fluorometric data, it was inferred that one molecule of curcumin could bind six molecules of phosphatidylcholine. The equilibrium constant for the phosphatidylcholine-curcumin interaction decreased with temperature, indicating the amphiphilic nature of curcumin. The DeltaG, DeltaH, and DeltaS values obtained for the interaction of egg phosphatidylcholine-curcumin were -7.8 +/- 0.3 kcal/mol, -9.6 +/- 0.4 kcal/mol, and -6.8 +/- 0.2 cal/mol/K, respectively. The fluorescence anisotropy measurements of curcumin with phosphatidylcholine suggested that the anisotropy of the curcumin molecule did not change in phosphatidylcholine. The interaction of divalent metal ions with phosphatidylcholine-curcumin in comparison with phosphatidylcholine-1-anilino-8-naphathalenesulfonic acid complex suggested the strong binding of curcumin to metal ions.