Molecular phylogenetic relationships of puffer fish inferred from partial sequences of cytochrome b gene and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis

Phylogenetic relationships among puffer fish were investigated by comparing cytochrome b gene sequences and restriction endonuclease assays of 16 species from Taiwan. DNA was prepared for sequencing by PCR. No variation in sequences was detected among individuals within each species. Direct estimates of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence divergence among 16 puffer fish were from 3.41 to 31.78%. Different restriction patterns were found among 16 puffer fish with 10 restriction endonucleases, whereas no variation in patterns was detected among individuals within each species. The polymorphisms obtained by RFLP have provided a new set of genetic markers for the accurate identification of sibling puffer species. It is the first molecularly based study of puffer diversity and sheds light on the evolution and taxonomy of this major puffer fish family.     

Effects of salt concentration on formation and dissociation of beta-lactoglobulin/pectin complexes

The formation and dissociation of beta-lactoglobulin/pectin complexes at various sodium chloride concentrations (CNaCl) have been studied by turbidimetric titration. An increase of CNaCl up to 0.1 M shifts the critical pHphi1, which designates the formation of beta-lactoglobulin/pectin coacervates, to higher pH values, whereas further increase of CNaCl from 0.1 to 0.8 M decreases pHphi1 values. These salt effects can be explained in terms of a salt-enhanced effect at lower salt concentrations or a salt-reduced effect at higher salt concentrations, respectively. On the other hand, the value of pHphi2, which corresponds to the dissociation of beta-lactoglobulin/pectin coacervates, tends to have smaller pH values when CNaCl increases from 0.1 to 0.3 M. No observable pHphi2 values are found at CNaCl higher than 0.3 M. The disappearance of pHphi2 is mainly attributed to the strong self-aggregation capability of beta-lactoglobulin at higher CNaCl. The aggregation of beta-lactoglobulin at high CNaCl is reversible, as suggested by the atomic force microscopy results.     

黄淮海区域现代夏玉米品种产量与养分吸收规律

为玉米合理施肥,实现高产高效提供理论依据,2016年在济南商河国家农作物新品种展示示范中心和山东农业大学作物生物学国家重点实验室进行试验,于玉米完熟期进行植株取样,测定产量、产量构成因素和植株矿质元素含量,探究黄淮海区域现代夏玉米品种的产量与养分吸收规律。探测分析和正态分布检测结果表明单株生产力、单株生物产量、千粒重和籽粒产量分别符合正态分布N (167.0, 22.722)、N (285.0, 33.472)、N (318.0, 35.752)和N (10.9,1.502),其变化范围为141.55～246.99 g株–1、197.68～389.92 g株–1、226.58～413.76 g和5.84～13.41 t hm~(–2)。每生产100kg籽粒氮素需求量平均为1.95 kg,单位籽粒氮素需求量随籽粒产量提高呈降低趋势。当产量水平由7.0 t hm~(–2)增加到8.0～9.0 t hm~(–2)时,每生产100 kg籽粒氮素需求量从2.15 kg降低到1.96 kg,主要是收获指数升高和籽粒氮浓度降低造成的;当产量水平由8.0～9.0 t hm~(–2)增加到10.0～11.0 t hm~(–2)时,每生产100 kg籽粒氮素需求量从1.96 kg降低到1.84 kg,主要是籽粒氮浓度降低造成的;当产量水平由10.0～11.0 t hm~(–2)增加到11.0 t hm~(–2)时,单位籽粒氮素需求量基本不再变化。生产100kg玉米籽粒的磷素需求量平均为0.97kg,其与籽粒产量呈显著负相关,从产量水平7.0t hm~(–2)的1.07 kg下降到产量水平11.0 t hm~(–2)的0.92 kg,这是由收获指数升高和籽粒磷浓度降低造成的。生产100 kg玉米籽粒钾素需求量平均为1.89 kg,其与籽粒产量呈显著负相关,从产量水平7.0 t hm~(–2)的2.14 kg下降到产量水平11.0 t hm~(–2)的1.74 kg,这是由收获指数升高、茎秆钾浓度增加和叶片钾浓度降低造成的。当前黄淮海区域现代玉米品种籽粒产量为(8.91±1.23)thm~(–2),生产100kg籽粒的氮素、磷素和钾素需求量的变化范围分别为(1.95±0.24)、(0.97±0.11)和(1.89±0.28)kg。氮磷钾需求量随产量的提高而增加,但每生产100kg籽粒产量的氮素、磷素和钾素需求量随着产量升高而下降。     

仔猪产气荚膜梭菌肠毒血症病原诊断

1988年北京，河北发生一种急性死亡的新仔猪传染病，此后，疾病逐渐蔓延到国内其他地区，发生率与死亡率也日益增高，经对来自8个省市48个猪场179窝猪中死于此病的301头仔猪检查分离病原，获得207个分离菌株，经过鉴定，将其中141株鉴定为产气荚膜梭菌A型，另66株为C型，结合着流行病学情况，临床症状和病理学观察结果，肯定了此种疾病即是由产气荚膜梭菌A型和C型引起的一种仔猪肠毒血症。     

Interfacial interactions of pectin with bovine serum albumin studied by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring: effect of ionic strength

The effect of ionic strength ( I) on the interfacial interactions between pectin and the bovine serum albumin (BSA) surface has been investigated using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). As I increases from 0.01 to 0.02 M, the frequency shift (Delta F) decreases, whereas the energy dissipation shift (Delta D) changes toward a higher value. Further increase of I from 0.02 to 0.5 M causes both Delta F and Delta D to gradually return to almost zero. The adsorbed mass and thickness of the pectin adlayer estimated from the Voigt model confirm that the adsorption of pectin and the formation of thicker pectin adlayers on a BSA surface are favored by the increase of ionic strength at I = 0.01 approximately 0.02 M. An increase of I above 0.02 M hinders pectin adsorption and causes the formation of a thinner pectin adlayer. The ionic strength-enhanced effect at I values lower than 0.02 M is explained as an increase of ionic strength that can screen the electrostatic repulsion to a larger extent than the electrostatic attraction between pectin and BSA. However, when I is higher than 0.02 M, both electrostatic repulsion and attraction can be significantly screened by the increasing ionic strength, resulting in the ionic strength-reduced effect. On the other hand, the high viscoelasticity of the pectin adlayer revealed by the Voigt model suggests the formation of a network-structured pectin adlayer on the BSA surface, which contains two steps for higher pectin adsorptions at I = 0.0125 approximately 0.1 M by the indication of two slopes in Delta D-Delta F plots.     

异源细胞质小麦D2-鉴26的耐盐特征及其遗传基础

以核亲本品种鉴26和耐盐品种科遗26为对照，设计3种NaCl浓度（85.56 mmol/L, 171.04 mmol/L, 256.67 mmol/L）处理及无盐对照，研究了异源细胞质小麦D2-鉴26苗期的生长发育和生理生化特征。结果表明，D2型细胞质对核基因型鉴26存在明显的耐盐性遗传效应，效应值的大小因性状而异，核基因型鉴26与科遗26之间也存在差异；盐胁迫     

兽用消毒药的种类及其在养殖场中的合理使用

就兽用消毒药的种类、消毒药的选择、使用方法以及消毒效果的评价、养殖场的消毒管理等方面进行了介绍,为养殖场的消毒工作提供借鉴.     

Recent Advances and Applications of Experimental Technologies in Marine Natural Product Research

Marine natural products are a rich source of novel and biologically active compounds. The number of identified marine natural compounds has grown 20% over the last five years from 2009 to 2013. Several challenges, including sample collection and structure elucidation, have limited the development of this research field. Nonetheless, new approaches, such as sampling strategies for organisms from extreme ocean environments, nanoscale NMR and computational chemistry for structural determination, are now available to overcome the barriers. In this review, we highlight the experimental technology innovations in the field of marine natural products, which in our view will lead to the development of many new drugs in the future.     

谷子PEPC基因的鉴定及其对非生物逆境的响应特性

磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase,PEPC)是C4植物光合作用关键酶,并在植物多种代谢途径及逆境信号应答过程中起重要作用。本研究通过序列比对,从谷子基因组中筛选出6个SiPEPC候选基因。SiPEPC蛋白特征参数相似度很高,序列非常保守,都含有PEPC基因特征功能域PEPcase Motif。SiPEPC成员主要被定位在细胞质、细胞核和线粒体。在SiPEPC成员启动子序列中含大量有光、激素、逆境以及其他生长调控相关的顺式应答元件。苗期逆境qRT-PCR表达谱分析表明,5个SiPEPC基因(SiPEPC1、SiPEPC2、SiPEPC3、SiPEPC5、SiPEPC6)不同程度受ABA、PEG、高盐和低温诱导表达,表明其参与了苗期对非生物逆境的响应。5个SiPEPC基因表达量在正常生长条件下随着谷子的生长呈增强趋势,且在不同生育时期干旱胁迫下明显增加,表明其参与了拔节、抽穗、灌浆期的干旱胁迫应答。拔节期弱光可诱导5个SiPEPC基因的表达,而在拔节期中等强度光照以及抽穗期和灌浆期的中等光照和弱光照下表达量均急剧降低,揭示光照强度严重影响SiPEPC基因的表达。