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1.
This study was undertaken to quantify the relationships between the rate of ammonia excretion by brine shrimp and dry weight (body size) and food density. Measurements of the rate of ammonia excretion of the brine shrimp were made at 25 C in darkness. Under these conditions, the excretion rate of ammonium-nitrogen can be generalized as a function of body weight and food (Nannochloropsis sp.) density. The relationship between the body weight (W) and excretion rate of ammonium nitrogen (EN) is expressed as EN=α Wγ, where α is the metabolic level. The parameter α is dependent on ration, such that α=αo±αr where αo= metabolic level in starvation and αr= the metabolic level which increased with feeding or changed with the food density. In experiments in which the animal starved, the equation above becomes EN=αoWγ, and the values of α and γ were 0.22 and 0.93, respectively. The rate of ammonium excretion rose from 5.42 × 10?4 to 2.28 × 10?1μg N/animal/h as dry weight measured from 1.57 × 10?3? 1.04 mg dry weight per animal. Next, it is convenient to express αr as αr=αfmax= (1 ? 10?kc), where αfmax is the maximum rate of αf at saturated level of food density, C is the mean cell density, and k is a constant defining the rate of change of the metabolic rate with cell density. Therefore, the rate of ammonia excretion by brine shrimp could be expressed as EN=αo [1 ? a(l ? 10?kC)]Wγ, and a =αfmax/αo. The values of the kinetics parameters obtained from experiments where shrimp were fed were a = 2.3 and k = 0.15×10?7. Consequently, the maximum rate of ammonia excretion at a saturated food density is equivalent to 3.3 times the rate of animals that are not fed. 相似文献
2.
Katsuyuki Takahashi Motohiro Hirabayashi Kiyoshi Tanabe Yasuyuki Shibata Masataka Nishikawa Kazuhiko Sakamoto 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,185(1-4):305-310
We attempted to elucidate seasonal variations in fossil-fuel-derived carbon (FC) and biomass-derived carbon (BC) in urban atmospheric aerosols. We undertook continuous measurements of the composition of fine particle (PM2.1) in central Tokyo, including the 14C/12C ratio. The percent modern carbon (pMC) contained in all samples averaged 43, and the highest was 54 in late December and the lowest was 31 in early August. From the observed carbonaceous component concentrations and the pMC we could calculate the content ratio of FC and BC in PM2.1 and investigate their seasonal variations. Although there was almost no seasonal variation in the ratio of FC, the ratio of BC was observed to rise in early winter. This indicates that FC is influenced by the emission sources without seasonal variations (such as automobiles driven in urban areas). Furthermore, there is significant correlation between BC and organic carbon (OC), and even for urban areas, it is considered that the contribution of biomass carbon to OC in PM2.1 is high. 相似文献
3.
Takaya Y Kondo Y Furukawa T Niwa M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(27):8061-8066
Methanol extracts of 11 kinds of commonly available vegetables were examined for hydroxyl radical scavenging potency using the bleomycin-Fe method. In this method, the iron ion and bleomycin in water form hydroxyl radicals, and the scavenging activity is monitored by the modified thiobarbituric acid method. All extracts showed scavenging capacity, even though the activity of some of them was lower than that of l-ascorbic acid. Those vegetables were classified into three groups according to their activity, groups showing strong activity, moderate activity, and weak activity, as compared to the activity of l-ascorbic acid at the same concentration. Among them, the methanol extract of radish sprout (Japanese name "kaiware-daikon") exhibited the highest potency (1.8 times as l-ascorbic acid). Then, we investigated the constituents of the methanol extract of radish sprout and the contribution to the overall activity of each compound by examining their activity. As the result, several kinds of sinapinic acid esters and flavonoids were isolated with high radical scavenging potency, which must contribute substantially to the activity. 相似文献
4.
The authors developed a computer program of transient predictive calculation method on underground ventilation network. The program approximated a field data set of seasonal cyclic changes of air Temperature and humidity at the inlet to the sine curves, and included sensible heat conduction from rock to air current. The temperature of rock around and airway was calculated by finite difference method. The prediction method can be used to calculate the variation of flow rates, temperatures and humidities of air flow in the airways along underground network. 相似文献
5.
The spawning grounds of the chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) and spotted mackerel (Scomber australasicus) in the East China Sea were estimated based on catch statistics of the Japanese large- and medium-type purse seine fishery
from 1992 to 2006. Biometric data were obtained from specimens caught by purse seiners in the East China Sea from 1998 to
2006. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) at 50% sexual maturity of chub mackerel and spotted mackerel females was 2.5 and 2.6, respectively.
Using this criterion for GSI, chub mackerel larger than 275 mm and spotted mackerel larger than 310 mm in fork length were
considered to be mature. Mature chub mackerel was observed in the area of 15–22°C sea surface temperature (SST), and mature
spotted mackerel was observed in the area of 17–25°C SST. The spawning period of chub mackerel ranged from February to June,
and that of spotted mackerel ranged from February to May in the East China Sea. The spawning grounds were estimated from the
distributions of catch per unit effort (CPUE) of spawners and SST. As a result, the spawning ground of chub mackerel was estimated
to be in the central and southern part of the East China Sea and the area west of Kyushu in February, March, and April, and
in the central part of the East China Sea, the area west of Kyushu and Tsushima Straight in May, and in Tsushima Straight
and western part of the Sea of Japan in June. The spawning ground of spotted mackerel was estimated to be in the central and
southern part of the East China Sea and southern coastal area of Kyushu in February, March, and April, and the central and
southern part of the East China Sea and the area west of Kyushu in May. 相似文献
6.
Akihiro Okamura Hideo P. Oka Noriyuki Horie Tomoko Utoh Yoshiaki Yamada Naomi Mikawa Satoru Tanaka Katsumi Tsukamoto 《Aquaculture International》2009,17(1):91-99
For efficient production of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica eggs, knowledge of the status of the sexual maturity of potential broodstock females is important because this status directly
influences the time required to produce mature eggs by successive hormone doses. Here we apply an eye index (relative eye
size) to evaluate the gonadal status of feminized A. japonica, which were induced by administration of estradiol-17β. Examination of gonad somatic and eye indexes of 267 feminized eels,
cultivated for 12–56 months, revealed a significant correlation between these two indexes. Artificial maturation of 35 feminized
eels showed that the number of hormone injections administered before ovulation was significantly lower as the eye index score
increased, indicating availability of this noninvasive method of predicting sexual maturity of feminized eel. There was no
correlation between eye index and fertilization rate, hatching rate, or larval survival rate, suggesting that sexual maturity
before hormonal treatment does not affect egg quality. 相似文献
7.
Production of a desirable Brassica oleracea CMS line using an alloplasmic B. rapa CMS line carrying Diplotaxis erucoides cytoplasm as a bridge plant 下载免费PDF全文
Yoshiaki Fujita Keita Sunaga Su‐Hyeun Shim Wataru Yamada Takayuki Ohnishi Sang Woo Bang 《Plant Breeding》2018,137(2):162-170
In Brassica oleracea, production of F1 hybrid seeds mainly makes use of the improved Ogura cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line. However, reliance on one particular line is a risk, and it would be advantageous to develop other CMS lines. In this study, we transferred Diplotaxis erucoides cytoplasm to B. oleracea cultivars using an alloplasmic B. rapaCMS line as a bridge plant to avoid incompatibility between donor and recipient plants. The new B. oleraceaCMS lines, which were derived by four generations of backcrossing, had small rudimentary anthers with no pollen grain and showed complete male sterility. There was no functional defect in other floral organs, and the ability to receive normal pollen did not appear to be impaired. Moreover, the B. oleraceaCMS lines carrying D. erucoides cytoplasm had larger leaf areas and a normal plastochron. As a consequence, the B. oleraceaCMS lines carrying D. erucoides cytoplasm have the potential to be valuable alternatives for use in commercial B. oleracea hybrid seed production. 相似文献
8.
Takeuchi T Fujibuchi T Imai Y Kamei Y Murase R Kito K Abe Y Ueda N 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(6):645-647
Differences in sugar distribution between the villous epithelium and follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) were compared using lectins in the rabbit small intestine. In every portion, villous columnar epithelial cells primarily exhibited a positive reaction to the GalNAc, GlcNAc, galactose, and oligosaccharide. In the ileal Peyer's patch (PP), whereas microvillous epithelial cells exhibited positive reactions, M cells tended to be negative. The villous epithelial reaction to the fucose group was negative, but M cells and microvillous epithelial cells showed a positive to the fucose. No epithelium had a positive reaction to the mannose and glucose. The variety of lectin-binding properties of villous epithelial cells and M cells may reflect specificity for the recognizing luminal substances such as antigenic molecules and bacterial elements. 相似文献
9.
10.