Effect of nanoclay and magnesium hydroxide on some properties of HDPE/wheat straw composites

Since natural fiber/polymer composites are increasingly used, the development of safe and environmental friendly flame retarding bio-based composites is of great importance. But this issue must maintain the mechanical performance of these composites. To study these objectives, four levels of magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)₂ of (0, 10, 20, 30 phc) and two levels of nanoclay (0, 3 phc) were considered and incorporated into HDPE/wheat straw composites. Maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (PE-g-MA) was also used as a compatibilizer at constant content. The samples were prepared by melt compounding and injection molding processes, respectively. The some properties of samples including burning rate and mechanical properties (tensile and impact strengths) were tested based on the ASTM standard. The results showed that the burning rate of samples decreased with increasing the nanoclay and Mg(OH)₂ content. The tensile and impact strengths showed a marginal reduction by adding Mg(OH)₂ from 10 phc to 30 phc and the tensile modulus and impact strength revealed an increase by increasing the amount of nanoclay up to 3 phc. Generally, these results confirmed that the fire retarding and mechanical properties of HDPE/wheat straw composites could be significantly improved with an appropriate combination of the nanoclay and Mg(OH)₂ in the composites.     

低磷红壤的玉米磷肥农学效应与农学阈值

为促进红壤磷肥高效利用,实现磷肥减施增效,通过连续3 a田间定位试验,在低磷红壤和4个施磷（P₂O₅）水平（0、60、90、120 kg·hm^-2,分别记为P0、P60、P90、P120）下,研究施磷量对玉米产量、磷肥利用效率的影响,以及磷肥农学阈值对不同施磷水平的响应。结果表明：在低磷红壤上,施用磷肥显著增加了玉米产量,提高了玉米产量可持续指数,且玉米产量随施磷量增加而增加,在P120处理下产量最高,平均比P0处理显著增加210.48%,但与P90处理差异不显著。玉米当季磷肥偏生产力、磷肥表观利用率均呈现随磷肥施用量增加而减少的趋势,其中以P60处理效果最佳。施磷显著增加土壤有效磷含量,其中以P120处理有效磷含量最高,平均比P0处理显著增加313.44%。土壤磷平衡时的磷肥施用量为19.89~23.00 kg·hm^-2。低磷红壤玉米磷肥农学阈值为97.04 kg·hm^-2。研究表明,在西南低磷酸性红壤中,合理施用磷肥可提高玉米产量和玉米当季磷肥农学利用率,在本试验磷的基础养分条件下,按P90处理施磷,可实现玉米减肥增效、促进农业绿色发展的目标。