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1.
An account is given of various techniques of blood sampling in the context of certain mustelids, including cardiopuncture, amputation of tail tip, talon cutting, incision of the ear vein, puncture of the jugular or femoral vein, and catheterisation of the abdominal aorta. Reference is made to details of use of all techniques, characteristics, advantages and potential setbacks, and preferable use of some of the tested methods to collect blood from mustela and martes species. Blood collection from the abdominal aorta may be helpful in obtaining no-haemolysis and no-additive plasma for biochemical multi-screening. Biochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological follow-up checks may be feasible under certain conditions following surgical exposure of the external jugular vein. The use of "Fimomed" (n-butylcyano-acrylate), a tissue adhesive, may help to reduce effort in terms of time and material and consequently, rationalise veterinary hygiene action as a whole, provided that the conditions for its application are observed. The skin adhesive is properly applicable to skin lesions of mustelids. A combination of suturing with adhesive should be used to close laparotomy wounds for better mechanical strength of the abdominal wall. Possible applications of "Fimomed" should be tested with other species as well. 相似文献
2.
Soils under intensive cultivation have altered due to water erosion. This study was conducted to determine whether soil organic matter (SOM) composition of the colluvial source (Ap horizons) differs from the colluvial sink (M horizons). The SOM of a sandy Catena with erodic Cambisols and colluvic soils (Colluvisols) in Schleswig-Holstein, Northwest Germany, was investigated. A wet chemical analysis was combined with CPMAS 13C-NMR spectroscopy. In one case a significant correlation between the SOM composition of the Ap horizon of the erodic Cambisol and the M horizon of the Colluvisol was high (r2 = 0.904-), whereas the correlation for the other set was much weaker (r2 = 0.640*). Two possible paths of pedogenesis are discussed. About 70% of the SOM of the colluvial source is decomposed during translocation or after deposition. A selective preservation or new formation of humins in the M material is probable. These humins contain, obviously, large amounts of polysaccharides, which were not detected by the wet chemical analysis. Further investigations of colluvic and erodic soils are necessary in order to specify the SOM quality and its possible modification due to soil translocation and accumulation. 相似文献
3.
Hilt P Schieber A Yildirim C Arnold G Klaiber I Conrad J Beifuss U Carle R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(10):2896-2899
The phenolic profile of strawberry fruits (Fragaria x ananassa Duch., Rosaceae) was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. A peak displaying retention time and UV spectral data identical to those of phloridzin (phloretin 2'-O-beta-d-glucoside), a dihydrochalcone glucoside so far considered characteristic of apples, was monitored. For further characterization, crude extracts of strawberries were purified on polyamide, and the target compound was isolated by preparative and analytical HPLC. Structure elucidation was performed on the basis of APCI- and ESI-MS in the negative ion mode as well as by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy using authentic phloridzin for comparison. The d-configuration of the sugar moiety was established by HPLC analysis of the corresponding acyclic 1-deoxy-1-(N-acetyl-alpha-methylbenzylamino)alditol acetate. Apart from its chemotaxonomic relevance, this first report on the occurrence of phloridzin in strawberries is of particular interest for the authenticity control of strawberry products such as juices, jams, and fruit preparations since phloridzin has so far been used for the detection of fraudulent admixtures. 相似文献
4.
Kappelmeyer Uwe Kuschk Peter Stottmeister Ulrich 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2003,147(1-4):317-330
Chemodenitrification is of importance in both soils and the treatment of some types of wastewater. During model experiments,the impact of various conditions, such as pH and especially artificial humic matter and oxygen on this process was studied to build upkinetic models. The chemodenitrification rate decreased due to the ongoingautoxidation/polymerization of hydroquinone to artificial humic matterfrom 11.02 μg (L h)-1 after 7 days autoxidation to 5.38 μg (L h)-1 after 14 days at pH 4 under aerobic conditionsand an initial nitrite concentration of 250 μg L-1. At the same pH,with the same nitrite concentration, and in the presence of Roth humic matter(2 mg L-1) under aerobic conditions, the chemodenitrification rate was0.73 μg (L h)-1, whereas under anaerobic conditions itwas considerably higher (2.88 μg (L h)-1). In anothermodel experiment, it was shown that the amount of nitrite incorporated into the artificial humic matter was less then 1%. Further, it was found that the main reaction product of chemodenitrification is NO. 相似文献
5.
Development and application of functional markers in maize 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Thomas Lübberstedt Imad Zein Jeppe Reitan Andersen Gerhard Wenzel Birte Krützfeldt Joachim Eder Milena Ouzunova Shi Chun 《Euphytica》2005,146(1-2):101-108
Summary Functional markers (FMs) are derived from polymorphic sites within genes causally involved in phenotypic trait variation (Andersen,
J.R. & T. Lübberstedt, 2003. Trends Plant Sci 8: 554–560). FM development requires allele sequences of functionally characterized
genes from which polymorphic, functional motifs affecting plant phenotype can be identified. In maize and other species with
low levels of linkage disequilibrium, association studies have the potential to identify sequence motifs, such as a few nucleotides
or insertions/deletions, affecting trait expression. In one of the pioneering studies, nine sequence motifs in the dwarf8 gene of maize were shown to be associated with variation for flowering time (Thornsberry, J.M., M.M. Goodman, J. Doebley,
S. Kresovich, D. Nielsen & E.S. Buckler, 2001. Nat Genet 28: 286–289). Proof of sequence motif function can be obtained by
comparing isogenic genotypes differing in single sequence motifs. At current, the most appropriate approach for this purpose
in crops is targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) (McCallum, C.M., L. Comai, E.A. Greene & S. Henikoff, 2000.
Nat Biotechnol 18: 455–457). In central Europe, maize is mainly grown as forage crop, with forage quality as major trait,
which can be determined as proportion of digestible neutral detergent fiber (DNDF). Brown midrib gene knock out mutations have been shown to be beneficial for forage quality but disadvantageous for overall agronomic performance.
Two brown midrib genes (bm1 and bm3) have been shown to be involved in monolignol biosynthesis. These two and additional lignin biosynthesis genes have been
isolated based on sequence homology. Additional candidate genes putatively affecting forage quality have been identified by
expression profiling using, e.g., isogenic bm lines. Furthermore, we identified an association between a polymorphism at the COMT locus and DNDF in a collection of European
elite inbred lines. 相似文献
6.
Trajkovic K Hsu C Chiantia S Rajendran L Wenzel D Wieland F Schwille P Brügger B Simons M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5867):1244-1247
Intraluminal vesicles of multivesicular endosomes are either sorted for cargo degradation into lysosomes or secreted as exosomes into the extracellular milieu. The mechanisms underlying the sorting of membrane into the different populations of intraluminal vesicles are unknown. Here, we find that cargo is segregated into distinct subdomains on the endosomal membrane and that the transfer of exosome-associated domains into the lumen of the endosome did not depend on the function of the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery, but required the sphingolipid ceramide. Purified exosomes were enriched in ceramide, and the release of exosomes was reduced after the inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinases. These results establish a pathway in intraendosomal membrane transport and exosome formation. 相似文献
7.
Microspore populations of eight Fhybrids of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) whose parents had different levels of resistance to Fusarium were screened in vitro, using phytotoxins of Fusarium as biochemical probe. Two selection methods were compared for the in vitro selection: either embryoids and calli were first initiated from anthers in toxin-free medium and then grown on medium with 0.3—0.9 %Fusarium toxin; or anthers were immediately cultured in modified liquid potato-2 medium in the presence of 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5ml Fusarium toxin per liter culture medium, a concentration which reduced the number of calli and embryoids to about 10 % compared to the toxin-free controls. Microspores from donor hybrids which were produced from very susceptible cultivars were killed by lower toxin concentrations than micro-spores from hybrids of less susceptible parents. From surviving calli and embryoids, originally initiated from 242,000 anthers in both procedures a total of 375 green lines could be regenerated. The results indicate that it is possible to enrich the fraction of regenerating microspores by those which contain the gene complex responsible for reduced susceptibility to Fusarium by the use of a pathotoxin. 相似文献
8.
9.
Dr Uwe Schindler Joerg Steidl Lothar Mueller 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(1):63-73
Abstract The influence of regional soil distribution and land use on discharge formation in the “Stettiner Haff” catchment (8,456 km2) was investigated. The model ABIMO was used to calculate mean discharge for a long period (1961 – 1990) in consideration of regional differences in hydrological site conditions and soil heterogeneity. The highest discharge was found on settlement areas (276 mm a?1), on devastated plots (319 mm a?1) and on the non-hydromorphic agriculturally used sandy soils (214 mm a?1). Due to their small size these sub-areas were found to influence regional discharge for a limited extent only. On loam and clay soils only about 100 mm a?1 of discharge was formed. However, this share proved to be most important for the height of regional discharge because of the high area proportion in the region. Mineral soils of comparable parent material produce lower discharge under hydromorphic conditions than under non-hydromorphic conditions. With increasing clay content of the soils these differences decreased. The agriculturally used areas were found to be most important for the region's water discharge. They accounted for 83% of the discharge, i.e. they originated 119 mm a?1 on average. At forest sites, the discharge height was about 52 mm a?1. Sites close to groundwater table (groundwater level <1 m) proved to act as depletive areas. 相似文献
10.