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Elif Tozlu Ahmet Cakir Saban Kordali Goksel Tozlu Hakan Ozer Tulay Aytas Akcin 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011
The essential oils of aerial parts of Achillea gypsicola Hub.-Mor., Hypericum scabrum L., Satureja hortensis L., and Origanum acutidens (Hand.-Mazz.) Letswaart were analyzed in this study by GC and GC–MS and their oils were tested for toxicity against broadbean weevil (Bruchus dentipes). A. gypsicola oil contained camphor (40.17%), 1,8-cineole (22.01%), piperitone (11.29%), borneol (9.50%) and α-terpineol (1.56%) as major components. A total of 74 components were identified by GC–MS in H. scabrum oil, including α-pinene (9.26%), terpinen-4-ol (5.12%), camphor (5.94%), δ-cadinene (4.52%), pulegone (4.45%), γ-muurolene (4.12%), pinocarvone (3.97%) and β-caryophyllene (3.42%) as predominant components. The essential oils of O. acutidens and S. hortensis were characterized by high contents of carvacrol (86.99% and 55.74%), γ-terpinene (0.71% and 20.94%), p-cymene (1.95% and 12.30%), α-terpinene (0.13% and 2.04%) and β-caryophyllene (1.30% and 1.08%). All of the essential oils were toxic to adults of B. dentipes and insect mortality increased with increasing concentration of each oil. The oils (20 μl dose) brought about 100% mortality in 36 h. Although desirable insecticidal activities against the pest were achieved with the oils from all four plant species, S. hortensis and O. acutidens oils were more effective, particularly after 6 h of treatment. The current results concluded that the essential oils, in particular O. acutidens and S. hortensis oils, may be used as potential botanical insecticides against B. dentipes. 相似文献
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Ataman Bilge Sari Yigit Gunes Ceren Anlas Fulya Ustun Alkan Enes Guncum Oya Ustuner Tulay Bakirel 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2022,23(5)
BackgroundFluralaner is a novel drug belonging to the isoxazoline class that acts on external parasites of domestic animals. It is used systemically via drinking water, especially against red poultry mite in layer chickens. Fluralaner is frequently used in layers infected with D. gallinae. However, no study to date has investigated the effects of feed intake and water hardness.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the effects of variable water hardness and feed intake on the pharmacokinetic profile of fluralaner.MethodsLayer chickens were divided into four groups (n = 8): fed + purified water (Group 1), feed restricted + purified water (Group 2), feed restricted + hard water (Group 3), and feed restricted + soft water (Group 4). After administering a single dose of the drug with drinking water, the blood samples were collected for 21 days. Fluralaner concentrations in plasma samples were determined by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time to reach maximum plasma concentration (tmax), area under the concentration–time curve values (AUC0-21d), half-life (t1/2), and other pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated.ResultsAlthough the highest maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was determined in Group 1 (fed + purified water), no statistically significant difference was found in the Cmax, tmax, t1/2, MRT0-inf_obs, Vz/Fobs, and Cl/F_obs parameters between the experimental groups.ConclusionsIt was concluded that the feed intake or water hardness did not change the pharmacokinetic profile of fluralaner in layer chickens. Therefore, fluralaner could be used before or after feeding with the varying water hardness in poultry industry. 相似文献
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Saban Kordali Ahmet Cakir Tulay Aytas Akcin Ebru Mete Adnan Akcin Tuba Aydin Hamdullah Kilic 《Industrial Crops and Products》2009,29(2-3):562-570
The chemical composition of essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Achillea gypsicola Hub-Mor., Achillea biebersteinii Afan. and n-hexane extracts obtained from the flowers of A. gypsicola and A. biebersteinii Afan. was analyzed by GC and GC–MS. Camphor (40.17–23.56%, respectively), 1,8-cineole (22.01–38.09%, respectively), piperitone (11.29–0.37%, respectively), borneol (9.50–5.88%, respectively) and α-terpineol (1.56–5.15%, respectively) were found to be the main constituents in A. gypsicola and A. biebersteinii essential oils. Furthermore, hexane extracts of A. gypsicola and A. biebersteinii consist of mainly camphor (37.78–27.88%, respectively), 1,8-cineole (13.43–24.78%, respectively), piperitone (15.57%-tr, respectively), n-eicosane (1.61–9.68%, respectively), n-heneicosane (2.56–9.55%, respectively), n-tricosane (3.46–10.04%, respectively), linoleic acid (6.19–3.17%, respectively) and borneol (5.66–5.58%, respectively). Although the oils and extracts were characterized relatively by high content of oxygenated monoterpenes, hexane extracts of the plant samples relatively rich in n-alkanes, fatty acids and fatty acid esters as compared with the oil. The oils and hexane extracts were also tested against 12 phytopathogenic fungi and the oils found to be more toxic as compared with hexane extracts of the plant samples. A. gypsicola oil only did not inhibit the growth of Fusarium graminearum. The extracts also strongly increased the growth of Fusarium equiseti and F. graminearum. Therefore, the antifungal activity of the oils can be attributed to their relatively high content of oxygenated monoterpenes. The results of herbicidal assays of the essential oils and hexane extracts of the plant samples against five important weeds in cultivated areas, Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L., Cirsium arvense L. (Scop.), Lactuca serriola L. and Rumex crispus L. showed that, in particular, the oils had inhibitory effects on the seed germination and seedling growth of A. retroflexus, C. arvense and L. serriola. The hexane extracts also showed lower herbicidal effect against the weeds in comparison to that of the oils. The findings of the present study suggest that the essential oils have a potential to be used as herbicide as well as fungicide. 相似文献
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Dichelobacter nodosus, a Gram-negative strict anaerobe, is the essential causative agent of ovine footrot. Despite its worldwide presence, the disease has significant economic impact in those sheep-farming countries with a temperate climate and moderate to high rainfall, such as New Zealand (NZ) and Australia. In this study, we aimed to isolate, identify, and characterize as many D. nodosus strains as possible from NZ farms by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technology. Understanding the virulence of this bacterium and showing extensive genomic variation in the fimbrial subunit gene (fimA) in different D. nodosus strains was very important to produce serogroup specific and effective vaccine for NZ. More than 100 footrot samples were collected from four different farming regions in NZ. Thousands of primary plates were cultured anaerobically and examined with Gram-staining in order to detect single colonies of D. nodosus. Approximately 500 plates that had potential D. nodosus colonies were subcultured several times to eliminate contaminating colonies until single colonies were obtained. Variable and a part of the conserved regions of the fimbrial subunit gene (fimA) were amplified directly from bacterial DNA extracted from footrot lesions and also from cultured NZ D. nodosus isolates, using the polymerase chain reaction. Different fimA amplimers were analyzed by DNA sequencing. On the basis of DNA sequence analysis, 16 new D. nodosus isolates belonging to eight different serogroups were identified from NZ. These new D. nodosus fimA sequences from NZ were different to previously reported strains and strains used in a commercial vaccine. 相似文献
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Dichelobacter nodosus is the causative agent of ovine footrot and the type-IV fimbriae on this bacterium are essential for maintaining its virulence. In this study, we reveal that these fimbriae are glycosylated. This was demonstrated in several ways: by the detection of carbohydrate on fimbrial protein using periodic acid Schiff reagent (PAS) staining of SDS-PAGE gels and by demonstrating enzymatic deglycosylation and by analysis of the amino acid sequences derived from the fimA gene, whereby the gene from isolates of D. nodosus that appeared to be glycosylated had potential glycosylation sites both inside and outside of the variable region of fimA. The results would also explain the observation that the calculated molecular weight of fimA from some D. nodosus serotypes does not correlate with the apparent size determined from electrophoretic mobility. 相似文献
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