不同灭酶处理对燕麦气味和品质的影响

为选择合适的灭酶处理方法,通过电子鼻、感官评价和快速黏度分析等方法,对5种灭酶处理（焙炒、常压蒸煮、高压蒸煮、远红外处理和微波加热）对燕麦粉的气味、色泽和糊化特性的影响进行了研究。研究表明：燕麦粉的电子鼻主成分分析（PCA）二维和三维指纹图谱均可将不同灭酶处理的样品明显区分开来;样品的感官评价气味值由高到低依次为：焙炒组,红外组,高压蒸煮组,常压蒸煮组,微波组;样品白度检测结果由高到低依次为：红外组,微波组,焙炒组,蒸煮组,与色泽的感官评价结果基本一致,微波组和红外组的色泽明显优于其他3组的色泽。样品的糊化特性指标中,除糊化温度外,其他6项快速黏度分析（RVA）特征值均差异显著。由此说明,不同灭酶处理对燕麦粉的气味、色泽和糊化特性均有不同影响,应结合燕麦粉的不同用途选用不同的灭酶处理。     

Canine antibody response to Blastomyces dermatitidis WI-1 antigen

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether dogs with blastomycosis produce antibodies against the WI-1 and A-antigens of Blastomyces dermatitidis and whether the antibodies are useful in serodiagnosis. SAMPLE POPULATION: 359 serum samples obtained from 245 dogs. PROCEDURE: 233 samples from 122 dogs with blastomycosis, and 1 sample each from 24 dogs with suspected blastomycosis, 51 control dogs without infection, and 48 healthy dogs from an enzootic region were obtained. Antibodies against WI-1 antigen were detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Serum samples were tested in parallel for antibodies against the A-antigen of B dermatitidis by commercial agar-gel immunodiffusion (AGID) in a reference laboratory. RESULTS: Antibodies were detected in 92% of infected dogs by RIA and in 41 % by AGID. For 29 serum samples that were obtained 11 to 1,545 days after diagnosis, antibodies were detected in 92% of samples by RIA and 7% by AGID. For 93 serial serum samples from 29 dogs with blastomycosis, the mean anti-WI-1 titer was 1:18,761 at the time of diagnosis, and decreased to a mean of 1:1,338 by 210 days after treatment was initiated. Of 24 dogs with suspected infection, antibodies were detected in 67% by RIA and 33% by AGID. Control dogs without blastomycosis had no detectable antibodies in either assay. Thus, sensitivity was 92% for RIA and 41 % for AGID, and specificity was 100% for both tests. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Anti-WI-1 antibodies are readily detected by RIA in dogs with blastomycosis. Titers become high, decline during treatment, and persist for months. Anti-A antibodies are sometimes detected with AGID, but these decrease quickly.     

Generating genetic variation in narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) for plant architecture by ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis

Narrow‐leafed lupin (NLL) is a source of protein and fibre with exceptional functional properties useful for a variety of purposes. In adapted NLL germplasm selected for low alkaloid contents, the genetic base is narrow, thus limiting fast breeding progress. In an EMS‐based mutagenesis programme, we have treated 40,000 seeds of cv. ‘Boruta’ and obtained a variety of phenotypic mutant lines expressing novel growth types with altered plant height and/or branching. In 3‐year field trials at two locations, three of these lines exhibited significantly improved grain yield components compared to the cv. ‘Boruta’. Growth types of these promising lines were shown to be inherited in a monogenic recessive manner and should, thus, be easily fixable by breeding.     

不同灭酶处理对燕麦气味和品质的影响

为选择合适的灭酶处理方法,通过电子鼻、感官评价和快速黏度分析等方法,对5种灭酶处理（焙炒、常压蒸煮、高压蒸煮、远红外处理和微波加热）对燕麦粉的气味、色泽和糊化特性的影响进行了研究。研究表明：燕麦粉的电子鼻主成分分析（PCA）二维和三维指纹图谱均可将不同灭酶处理的样品明显区分开来;样品的感官评价气味值由高到低依次为：焙炒组,红外组,高压蒸煮组,常压蒸煮组,微波组;样品白度检测结果由高到低依次为：红外组,微波组,焙炒组,蒸煮组,与色泽的感官评价结果基本一致,微波组和红外组的色泽明显优于其他3组的色泽。样品的糊化特性指标中,除糊化温度外,其他6项快速黏度分析（RVA）特征值均差异显著。由此说明,不同灭酶处理对燕麦粉的气味、色泽和糊化特性均有不同影响,应结合燕麦粉的不同用途选用不同的灭酶处理。     

塔沟村低收入户生活现状调查

【目的】为响应全国及北京市精准扶贫号召,深入了解贫困户生活现状及脱贫需求,进而提高扶贫的效果。【方法】在定性预调研和应用问卷定量调研的基础上,对京郊贫困村的一个典型代表——密云区新城子镇塔沟村的所有低收入户,进行一对一的全面访问,并进一步对该村低收入户的生产生活现状进行统计分析。【结果】该贫困村中,老年人口所占比例较大且劳动力少;因病、因残及年龄大而无劳动能力是导致收入低的主要原因;领取养老保险金或离退休金以及各种补助金,是低收入户从政府获得收入的主要来源;第三产业和第一产业净收入是产业经营收入的主要来源;全村农业耕地上,种植面积较大的作物以甘薯和玉米为主,甘薯是该村近年来第一产业发展的重点;居住条件方面,低收入户的住房以砖木结构为主,没有危房,有线电视已接通但宽带尚未接通。帮扶需求上,有劳动能力的群体需要产业扶持、农村实用技能培训、转移就业技能培训、推荐就业等产业扶贫方式;无劳动能力的老弱病残群体,更需要老年人救助和医疗求助。【结论】政府扶贫方面,针对老弱病残群体,重点开展生活和医疗补助等救济式扶贫;对有劳动能力的家庭,注重提供公益岗位并结合产业扶贫,促进低收入户增收;基础设施建设上,重点解决宽带入户和生产生活用水困难等问题。北京市创新团队或专家扶贫方面,重点提供生产和就业技能培训等智力支持,帮助有劳动能力的生产者提高农业产业收入。     

Preparation,Evaluation and Characterization of Rutin–Chitooligosaccharide Complex

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Rutin possesses a wide range of application prospects with various bioactivities. However, its bitter and water-insoluble properties restrict its application in...