利用多种质资源选育多抗型棉花品种的育种学启示

用选自陆海杂交后代的抗蚜选系抗７７为母本与具中棉亲缘的丰产品种江苏棉１号杂交，后代与父本江苏棉１号回交２次，经２０代综合鉴定和多性状定向选育的川棉１０９。该品种抗棉蚜，抗枯萎病和立枯病，耐黄萎病，耐旱，抗倒，耐瘠薄；并克服了陆地棉密茸毛与短纤维的连锁，将抗虫与抗病、丰产与优质有机组合；综合性状鉴定为国内领先和国际先进水平．目前己累积推广２７万ｈｍ２，是利用多质资源培育多抗型丰产品种的实例。多质资源是前提，多抗性、强生长势、强补偿力等构成了川棉１０９丰产稳产的综合遣传优势。启示育种目标日趋综合的现代棉花育种应选择宽广的质源，培育多抗性取代单抗性，并以胁迫和非胁迫双重条件下的产量比较为核心，实现抗性与丰产性的统一。     

辣椒品种对比试验

通过对引进的2个辣椒品种与当地主栽的2个品种进行物候期、植物学性状、产量、商品性、发病率等方面的对比.筛选出生长势强、果实品质好,平均单果质量、产量高,抗病性相对较好的宁椒7号和新丰A_4,并在山地辣椒生产上推广应用。     

龙利叶多酚提取条件优化及其抗氧化活性研究

在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验优化龙利叶中多酚的提取工艺,并研究其抗氧化活性,以期为龙利叶多酚的开发应用提供理论依据。提取剂采用乙醇溶液,研究乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取温度、提取时间、提取次数这5个因素对龙利叶多酚提取的影响。结果表明,龙利叶多酚最优提取条件如下:乙醇体积分数60%、料液比1︰30、提取时间30 min、提取温度60℃。在此条件下龙利叶多酚的得率为4.38 mg/g。龙利叶多酚清除DPPH·自由基的半抑制浓度(IC50)为1.91 g/mL,抗坏血酸的IC50为6.75 g/mL。还原力的测定中,当吸光度同为0.5时,龙利叶多酚与抗坏血酸质量浓度分别为9.94 g/mL与32.06 g/mL,表明龙利叶多酚对DPPH·自由基的清除能力以及还原力均强于抗坏血酸。     

Direct shoot bud regeneration from shoot tip explants of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Enicostema axillare</Emphasis>: an important medicinal plant

An efficient protocol has been developed for in vitro propagation of Enicostema axillare using shoot tip explants. The shoot tip explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with various combinations of (BAP, KIN) and (NAA/IAA & IBA) in different concentrations between 0.5 and 2.0 mg/l for multiple shoot bud induction. The highest percent of (98.51 %) was observed at 1.0 mg/l BAP in combination with 0.2 mg/l KIN while maximum number of shoot buds (8.41 shoots/explant) was noticed on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/l BAP and 0.2 mg/l KIN combination. The highest frequency (90.82 %) of multiple shoot bud regeneration was observed at 1.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l IBA with 15.12 ± 2.12 shoots/explants. The regenerated multiple shoots were transferred to half-strength MS medium augmented with different concentration of 0.5–2.5 mg/l IBA for rooting. Among the different concentrations of IBA tested, maximum percentage of rooting (100 %) was observed in MS medium augmented with 1.5 mg/l IBA. The rooted plantlets were successfully transferred into plastic cups containing soil and sand in the ratio of 1:1. Subsequently established in the field conditions with 90 % of survival rate. The protocol developed can be utilized for both large scale plant production and conservation of germplasm of this species. The described method can be successfully employed for large-scale multiplication and in vitro conservation as well as production of secondary metabolites of E. axillare.     

高山小尖椒品种对比试验初报

选择5个高山小尖椒品种进行品种比较试验,筛选出1个综合性状优于对照的高山小尖椒品种蓝园之星,该品种产量高、商品性好、耐热、抗病毒病,适合淳安作高山小尖椒种植。     

辣椒品种对比试验

通过对引进的2个辣椒品种与当地主栽的2个品种进行物候期、植物学性状、产量、商品性、发病率等方面的对比,筛选出生长势强、果实品质好,平均单果质量、产量高,抗病性相对较好的宁椒7号和新丰A4,并在山地辣椒生产上推广应用.     

Virulence and mycotoxic effects of Metarhizium anisopliae on Mahogany shoot borer, Hypsipyla robusta (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Developing appropriate control measures for the Mahogany shoot borer,Hypsipyla robusta Moore has become increasingly important due to the severe damaging effect of the pest on the establishment of the saplings of Swietenia mahagoni Jacq(Sapindales:Meliaceae).Existing management methods are largely limited to silvicultural practices and spraying of chemical insecticides.To identify a potential fungal biocontrol agent,we compared the virulence of six native and two standard ARSEF isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae Metsch.against this pest.The average survival time and conidial yield of IWST-Ma7 was higher(6.2 to 7.3 days and 4.9 to 4.7 × 10 5 conidia/ml) than the standards.Significant difference in sporulation on the cadavers between isolates,doses and incubation periods were substantiated for the selection of potential strain.The mycotoxic effects of crude soluble protein extract when incorporated in the artificial diet,the ARSEF 2596 and ARSEF 3603 showed LD 50 value of 3.7% and 5.6%.However,IWST-Ma7 was highly lethal with significant lowest LD 50 value of 2.6%.The enzyme activity of IWST-Ma7 was highest for chitinase,CDA,protease and lipase viz.,1.90 U/mg,1.80 U/mg,0.98 U/mg and 0.80 U/mg respectively.However the enzyme activity of chitinase and Chitin deacetylase assay for all the isolates was significantly higher than protease and lipase activity.The ITS regions(5.8S rDNA and 28S rDNA) of seven isolates of M.anisopliae were amplified using the ITS1 and ITS4 primers which was a unique fragment of approximately 550 bp.Based on ITS regions,phylogenetic tree have been constructed and the isolates have been grouped in to 5 clades.The virulence and mycotoxic effects of different isolates could rationally be used to employ them for the management of the mahogany borer.     

Pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) Isolates to the Ailanthus Webworm,Atteva fabriciella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) Under Laboratory and Field Conditions

The virulence of 25 Metarhizium anisopliae isolates was tested under laboratory conditions and the two most effective isolates were evaluated in the field for control of the Ailanthus defoliator, Atteva fabriciella. A bioassay was carried out to determine the dose and time mortality responses. The LC₅₀ of the isolates ranged from 3.16 to 647.81?×?10⁵ conidia mL^?1. Toxicity tests of the isolates MIS7 and MIS13 and 0.5% Pongamia pinnata seed oil, individually and in different combinations, indicated improved efficacy of the isolates when used in combination and also when combined with seed oil. Evaluation of these formulations in the field showed 66.36% reduction of infestation with MIS7 + MIS13 + 0.5% P. pinnata seed oil and 61.15% reduction with MIS7 + MIS13. The study indicated a possibility of employing combined formulations of M. anisopliae and also combination with P. pinnata seed oil for augmenting the effectiveness of the fungus.     

Protection of the Reproductive Tract of Young Chicks by Newcastle Disease Virus-induced Haemagglutinationinhibition Antibodies

The present study was conducted to assess the haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titres required to protect the chicken reproductive tract against direct damage caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Precociously induced oviduct and uterus by oestrogen treatment of young chicks were used to assess the damage or protection against the damage by analysis of ciliostasis or histopathological lesions. Unvaccinated day-old female white leghorn chickens were used as the maternally derived antibody (MDA) group. Chickens were vaccinated with either a live lentogenic vaccine on day 14 of age or, along with it, an inactivated vaccine at day 36 of age, to generate birds with a range of primary or secondary response induced HI antibodies. Birds with different HI antibody levels were challenged with virulent NDV. It was found that a HI antibody titre of 128 and above was protective against direct damage of the reproductive tract, while the 32–64 titre range was protective when derived through secondary vaccination only.