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Rockwood D.L. Naidu C.V. Carter D.R. Rahmani M. Spriggs T.A. Lin C. Alker G.R. Isebrands J.G. Segrest S.A. 《Agroforestry Systems》2004,61(1-3):51-63
Agroforestry Systems - Worldwide, fuelwood demands, soil and groundwater contamination, and agriculture's impact on nature are growing concerns. Fast growing trees in short rotation woody crop... 相似文献
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Shyamala BN Naidu MM Sulochanamma G Srinivas P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(19):7738-7743
Vanilla extract was prepared by extraction of cured vanilla beans with aqueous ethyl alcohol (60%). The extract was profiled by HPLC, wherein major compounds, viz., vanillic acid, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillin, could be identified and separated. Extract and pure standard compounds were screened for antioxidant activity using beta-carotene-linoleate and DPPH in vitro model systems. At a concentration of 200 ppm, the extract showed 26% and 43% of antioxidant activity by beta-carotene-linoleate and DPPH methods, respectively, in comparison to corresponding values of 93% and 92% for BHA. Interestingly, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol exhibited antioxidant activity of 65% and 45% by beta-carotene-linoleate method and 90% and 50% by DPPH methods, respectively. In contrast, pure vanillin exhibited much lower antioxidant activity. The present study points toward the potential use of vanilla extract components as antioxidants for food preservation and in health supplements as nutraceuticals. 相似文献
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Cage-cultured and wild sea scallops, Placopecten magellanicus, sampled from a location in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland, were assessed by taste panels. Of the five sensory variables investigated (appearance, odor, texture, flavor and overall acceptability), only appearance (P ≤ 0.01) and overall acceptability (P ≤ 0.05) showed significant differences between the two groups. However, no preference was indicated. The adductor muscles were analyzed for total carbohydrate, crude fat, crude protein, moisture and ash. The range for each component was similar (P > 0.05) in both the cultured and wild populations. 相似文献
5.
Mercury concentrations in Pacific hake increase with fish size and with the latitude of collection. While the mercury-size trend is consistent with data for other species, the latitudinal trend is opposite to that reported for other fishes over the same geographical area. Consequently, latitudinal trends of mercury concentrations in fishes do not necessarily indicate trends of mercury concentrations in water. Food habits and metabolism may cause the observed variations. 相似文献
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Juhasz Albert L. Smith Euan Smith Julie Naidu Ravendra 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2003,146(1-4):111-126
A bench scale, two-phase soil washing-biosorption process was developed for the remediation of p,p′-DDT-contaminated soil (containing 990 and 7750 mg kg-1 of p,p′-DDT). Removal of p,p′-DDT from contaminated soil was achieved by washing the soil with low molecular weight primary alcohols (ethanol or 1-propanol). An improved efficiency of p,p′-DDT removal was observed with increasing C-chain length of the cosolvent and by increasing the cosolvent volume fraction. When 40 or 80% 1-propanol were used, greater than 93% of p,p′-DDT was desorbed from the respective soils. p,p′-DDT was partitioned from the cosolvent solutions using biomass of Cladosporium sp. strain AJR318,501 as the sorptivematrix. When studies were conducted using a cosolvent-recycling regime (with 80% 1-propanol) greater than 95% of p,p′-DDT was removed from Soil A (990 mg kg-1 p,p′-DDT) and Soil B (7750 mg kg-1 p,p′-DDT) with the majority of the desorbed organochlorine repartitioning onto the fungal biomass. Less than 2.4 μg mL-1 p,p′-DDT was detected in the cosolvent wash solution of Soil A after 80 hr: potentially the cosolvent could be further reused to treat other soil. A higher concentration of p,p′-DDT was detected in the cosolvent wash solution of soil B after 120 hr (13.3 μg mL-1) indicating that the p,p′-DDT sorption sites on the fungal biomass were fully saturated. 相似文献
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1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (p,p′-DDT) is a recalcitrant organic compound that is difficult to remove from contaminated soil due to its low solubility. In this study we investigated the effectiveness of both cosolvents and surfactants in enhancing the solubility of p,p′-DDT from a soil that has been contaminated with DDT for nearly 40 yr. The presence of selected surfactants removed less than 1 to 11% of p,p′-DDT compared to cosolvents, which removed less than 1 to 77% of p,p′-DDT from the same soil. The low solubility of p,p′-DDT in the presence of surfactants was attributed to the decreased surfactant concentration to below critical micelle concentrationfollowing sorption by soil surfaces. Enhanced solubility of p,p′-DDT was achieved with the use of cosolvents that releasedup to 77% of p,p′-DDT from a contaminated soil. Increasing the solution concentration and hydrophobicity of the cosolvent increased the amount of p,p′-DDT desorbed. For example, the amount of p,p′-DDT desorbed increased in the order 5% 1-propanol << 50% ethanol << 50% 1-propanol. Repeated washing of the soil with various cosolvents, in all but two cases, markedly increased the total amount of p,p′-DDT desorbed from the soil. For example, repeated washing of the soil with 50% ethanol increased the amount of p,p′-DDT removed by 42% while repeated washings of the soil with 50% 1-propanol had little effect on the amount of p,p′-DDT desorbed. Increasing the soil-solution ratio from 1:2 to 1:10 in the presence of 40% 1-propanol increased the amount of p,p′-DDT desorbed by 100%; suggesting that the soil-solution ratio was an important parameterin controlling the amount of p,p′-DDT desorbed. 相似文献
9.
Singh N Megharaj M Gates WP Churchman GJ Anderson J Kookana RS Naidu R Chen Z Slade PG Sethunathan N 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(9):2653-2658
Hydrolysis of an insecticide/nematicide, fenamiphos [ethyl-3-methyl-4-(methylthio)phenyl-(1-methylethyl)phosphoramidate], immobilized through sorption by cetyltrimethylammonium-exchanged montmorillonite (CTMA-clay) by a soil bacterium, Brevibacterium sp., was examined. X-ray diffraction analysis, infrared spectra, and a negative electrophoretic mobility strongly indicated that fenamiphos was intercalated within the bacterially inaccessible interlayer spaces of CTMA-clay. The bacterium hydrolyzed, within 24 h, 82% of the fenamiphos sorbed by the CTMA-clay complex. There was a concomitant accumulation of hydrolysis product, fenamiphos phenol, in nearly stoichiometric amounts. During the same period, in abiotic (uninoculated) controls, 4.6% of the sorbed insecticide was released into the aqueous phase as compared to 6.0% of the sorbed fenamiphos in another abiotic control where activated carbon, a sink for desorbed fenamiphos, was present. Thus, within 24 h, the bacterium hydrolyzed 77% more fenamiphos sorbed by organo clay than the amounts desorbed in abiotic controls. Such rapid degradation of an intercalated pesticide by a bacterium has not been reported before. Evidence indicated that extracellular enzymes produced by the bacterium rapidly hydrolyzed the nondesorbable fenamiphos, even when the enzyme itself was sorbed. Fenamiphos strongly sorbed to an organo clay appears to be readily available for exceptionally rapid degradation by the bacterium. 相似文献
10.
Juhasz Albert L. Smith Euan Smith Julie Naidu Ravendra 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2003,147(1-4):263-274
The effectiveness of cosolvent soil flushing and fungal biosorption for the remediation of p,p′-DDT-contaminated soil was evaluated usingpacked soil columns in order to simulate an in situ soil flushing technique. Greater than 95% of p,p′-DDT (940 mg kg-1) was desorbed from the soil by flushing with 40 or 80% 1-propanol. Increasing the cosolvent volume fraction increased the rate of p,p′-DDT removal from the soil, however, the extent of p,p′-DDT removal was not enhanced. A further enhancement in therate of p,p′-DDT removal was achieved by increasing the cosolventflow rate from 6 ml hr-1 to 12 ml hr-1 (pore water velocity from 18.9 to 37.8 cm hr-1). The desorbed p,p′-DDT was removed from cosolvent wash solutions by partitioning onto fungal biomass. Biosorption of p,p′-DDT resulted in low concentrations of the organochlorine (3.3 μg ml-1) remaining in thecosolvent effluent indicating that the cosolvent could be reused for further p,p′-DDT desorption. Using this technique, between 53 and 95 pore volumes were required to reduce p,p′-DDT concentrationsfrom 990 mg kg-1 to below Australian and New Zealand Environmentaland Conservation Council (ANZECC) guidelines (50 mg kg-1). 相似文献