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1.
Mogens T Christophersen Nana Dupont Kristina S Berg-S?rensen Christel Konnerup Tina H Pihl Pia H Andersen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2014,56(1):20
Background
Outcomes of colic treatment are of great interest to clinicians, horse owners and insurers. One commonly used criterion of success is the overall short-term survival rate. This is used as to compare treatments and to measure quality of veterinary care, but may be biased by demographic or social factors such as attitudes towards animal suffering and euthanasia. The aims of this study were to 1) describe and analyse characteristics in horses with signs of colic referred to the University Hospital for Large Animals (UHLA), University of Copenhagen, Denmark over a 10-year period and 2) to compare these rates with those published in other comparable studies.Results
The overall survival rate for colic horses over the 10-year study period was 68% (confidence intervals (CI): 66–71%; 1087/1588). In the medical group, 1093 horses, short-term survival was 87% (CI: 85–89%). Thirty one % of referred horses were given diagnoses requiring surgical intervention (CI: 29–33%). In this group 32% of the horses were euthanized before surgery (CI: 28–36%; 159/495). Of the surgical cases 27% (CI: 23-31%) were euthanized or died during surgery. Of the horses that recovered from surgery 25% died or were euthanized (CI: 19–32%; 48/189), while 75% survived to discharge (CI: 68–81%).Conclusions
The short term survival rates of Danish horses with colic were similar or lower to those reported from other countries. Apart from variability of veterinary care, attitudes towards euthanasia vary among the countries, which may bias the outcomes. This study indicates that qualitative interview studies on owners’ attitudes towards animal suffering and euthanasia need to be conducted. Our opinion is that survival rates are not valid as sole indicators of quality of care in colic treatment due to selection bias. If the survival rates are to be compared between hospitals, techniques or surgeons, prospective studies including mutually agreed-on disease severity scores and a predefined set of reasons for euthanasia are needed. 相似文献2.
A method using consensus PCR followed by oligonucleotide microarray hybridization was developed for identification of phytoplasma 16Sr ribosomal groups. The array consisted of 21– to 33-nt-long oligonucleotides which were designed to hybridize to individual 16Sr groups. Two oligonucleotides were designed to detect all phytoplasma groups. The array could efficiently identify samples from 16SrI, 16SrII, 16SrIII, 16SrV, 16SrVI, 16SrVII, 16SrIX, 16SrX and 16SrXII ribosomal groups. This microarray-based test represents a rapid method for detection of phytoplasmas in unknown samples and for identification of most 16Sr groups. 相似文献
3.
Mogens Hansen 《Livestock Production Science》1979,6(4):325-334
More than one million inseminations from Red Danish (RDM), Black and White Danish (SDM) and Danish Jersey (DJ) bulls were analyzed to obtain heritability estimates on non-return rate (NR%). The results ranged from 0.010 ± 0.003 to 0.036 ± 0.009. Three NR% and three methods of calculation are used in the analyses.Investigations on 32,100 first calving intervals (CI) within the same breeds yielded heritability estimates of 0.096±0.014, 0.030±0.011 and 0.031±0.018 for RDM, SDM and DJ, respectively.The phenotypic correlations between the bulls' own (NR%) fertility and that of their daughters' (CI) were ?0.17, ?0.16 and 0.10 for RDM, SDM and DJ, the corresponding genetic correlations being ?0.30, ?0.35 and 0.20.It is suggested that in a possible breeding scheme for fertility, attention should concentrate on the female's side (progeny testing). 相似文献
4.
A method was developed to follow a lactic acid bacterial strain, Enterococcus faecium Cernelle 68, with respect to adhesion, multiplication, colonization, and persistence in the digestive tract of mink. Also the spread of the strain in the cage was examined. When adding 5 x 10(9) c.f.u. of a rifampicin resistant mutant per kg feed, high viable counts were registered throughout the digestive tract, apart from the oesophagus. Counts were increasing in the aboral direction, suggesting some multiplication in the intestine. It was possible to detect the strain in the intestinal tract 4 days after discontinuation of administration. Neither culture nor scanning electron microscopy gave evidence to suggest that E. faecium Cernelle 68 adhered to the mucosa. The spread of the E. faecium strain was observed in the environment. Counts of E. coli, lactobacilli, staphylococci, and clostridia were low, and none of these bacteria were constant findings. 相似文献
5.
Background
We suggest a ‘screening test’ to examine large data files with clinical ratings for the occurrence of rater-introduced bias prior to using the data for quantitative analyses. The test is based on a statistical model in which a well-standardized interval-scale outcome (for example, milk yield) is related to clinical ratings (for example, body condition scores) obtained from multiple contexts (for example, dairy herds).Findings
84,968 calvings from 279 herds, with subsequent body condition scores performed by 117 veterinarians within the first 21 days postpartum were analyzed with a multilevel random coefficient regression model. The model included an independent variable, where body condition score was centered within veterinarian. This is a so-called comparison effect to describe possible rater-introduced bias in the body condition scores. A highly significant comparison effect was found for second and older parities, indicating occurrence of possible rater-introduced bias in this large multi-herd data file.Conclusions
A within-group centering technique (the comparison effect) appeared to be useful for discriminating between biased and unbiased clinical scores. In some cases, this test for bias should prevent further analysis of the data and divert the focus of study to the calibration of raters or alternative study designs. 相似文献6.
Peter Løvendahl Torkild Liboriussen Just Jensen Mogens Vestergaard Kristen Sejrsen 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(3):169-176
Abstract Genetic variation in plasma growth hormone (GH) concentration before and after GRF (growth hormone releasing factor) stimulation was studied in young bulls (N=284) and heifers (N=212), the progeny of 53 sires of four dairy and dual-purpose breeds (Danish Jersey, Red Dane, Danish Friesian and Danish Red and White). Male and female calves were reared, fed and tested on separate experimental stations; thus sex, station and feeding were completely confounded effects. The animals were tested at about 9 months of age, after a 24 h fast. GH concentration was measured in serial plasma samples collected for 1 h before and 1 h following intravenous administration of 2.0 ug synthetic GRF(1–29)NH2/kg live weight>0.75. Prior to statistical analysis, concentrations were loge-transformed. Response variables were BASELINE (mean GH in -15, -5 and 0 min samples) and PEAK (mean GH in 10, 15 and 20 min samples). A statistical model taking at least three generations of ancestral relationships into account was used to estimate variance and covariance components for traits in male and female calves by use of restricted maximum likelihood methods. Heritability of BASELINE was low (0.04 ± 0.12) in males but high in females (0.60 ± 0.16). The heritability of PEAK was high in both sexes (males, 0.42 ± 0.16; females, 0.60 ± 0.16). Genetic correlations between the same trait measured in males and females were low for BASELINE (r g = 0.32±0.55) but high for PEAK (r g = 0.82±0.15). Within sex, BASELINE and PEAK were both highly genetically correlated (males, r g=0.62 ± 0.40; females, r g= 1.00 ± 0.07). We conclude that growth hormone concentration is a highly heritable trait in juvenile cattle of both sexes, and that GRF stimulation is benificial to the uncovering of genetic differences among animals. 相似文献
7.
Hanne Christine Bertram Niels Bastian Kristensen Mogens Vestergaard Søren Krogh Jensen Jakob Sehested Niels Christian Nielsen Anders Malmendal 《Livestock Science》2009,120(1-2):127-134
The metabolic profile of calf rumen epithelial tissue was for the first time characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy of chloroform/methanol extracts. The metabolite profiles comprised a number of amino acids, creatine, taurine, short-chain fatty acids and triglycerides. The effects of two dietary interventions; i) four levels of milk allowance with a concomitant different uptake of starter concentrate, and ii) two diets with varying content of starch and fibre in the concentrate, were elucidated. Partial least square regression analysis revealed that the intensity of NMR signals assigned to leucine, isoleucine and valine (0.90 ppm), propionate (1.06 and 2.18 ppm), lactate (1.32 ppm), butyrate (1.56 ppm), acetate (1.93 ppm), glutamine/glutamate (2.18, 2.35 and 3.75 ppm), creatine (3.04 and 3.94 ppm) and glycine (3.55 ppm) decreased with increasing milk allowance. In addition, the analysis revealed that the main difference between the two diets was the content of propionate in the epithelia tissue extracts. Previous morphological analyses of the same rumen epithelia were not able to detect any significant effects of either milk allowance or dietary starch content. Accordingly, the present study demonstrated that 1H NMR spectroscopy applied on extracts is a useful tool for metabolite profiling of epithelial tissue and for following the development of epithelia tissue in young calves, and that the technique may be more sensitive to dietary effects than morphological studies. 相似文献
8.
Mogens S. Hovmøller Karen E. Henriksen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,121(3):377-385
The present paper presents the rationale for the use of pathogen surveys, inoculated and non-inoculated disease nurseries
and varietal resistance characteristics in an integrated approach to control wheat yellow rust in Denmark. The non-inoculated
disease observation plots, which gave valuable information about yellow rust at the year, site and variety level, served as
the primary sample source for the pathogen survey revealing pathogen virulence dynamics. This survey was also the main source
for isolates of new pathotypes, a prerequisite for the assessment of the resistance characteristics of varieties and breeding
lines in inoculated nurseries, and the postulation of race-specific resistance genes. A simple grouping of varieties into
four categories with respect to resistance to the current yellow rust population proved robust, and this grouping was used
as a determinant in a web-based decision support system for pesticide applications in cereals, Crop Protection On-line (CPO).
The interplay between the different research and survey activities in the integrated pest management (IPM) approach demonstrated
the need for a coherent and long-term involvement at all stages from plant breeding to the official variety approval system,
extension service and research in disease epidemiology and resistance genetics. 相似文献
9.
Mogens L. Andersen Henriette R. Erichsen Leif H. Skibsted Heidi B. Graversen Ubirajara P. Rodrigues-Filho 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011,54(3):494-498
Oxidative Stability of bread is increasingly being recognized as important for long shelf-life. Formation of free radicals in whole wheat flour and white flour during heating was compared using Electron Spin Resonance spectroscopy in order to identify the primary oxidative events. Heating lead to a higher content of free radicals in wholemeal wheat flour than in white flour, since components in the husk seem to make a major contribution. Two different pathways are suggested for the formation of free radicals in wheat flour. The activation energy for the radical formation in the flours was estimated by Arrhenius plot as 34 kJ mol−1 up to 453 K, and above 473 K higher activation energies were observed. The change in activation energies indicates a change in reaction mechanisms for oxidation probably involving species with different mobility, i.e. different molecular weight. The accumulated concentration of free radicals in heated flour increased during one month storage and it is slightly affected by the water activity in the storage container. 相似文献
10.
P. Bonants E. Groenewald J. Y. Rasplus M. Maes P. de Vos J. Frey N. Boonham M. Nicolaisen A. Bertacini V. Robert I. Barker L. Kox M. Ravnikar K. Tomankova D. Caffier M. Li K. Armstrong J. Freitas-Astúa E. Stefani J. Cubero L. Mostert 《EPPO Bulletin》2010,40(1):30-33
In 2009 a new three year EU funded project (QBOL) started on DNA barcoding of important plant pests. An international consortium of 20 partners (universities, research institutes, and phytosanitary organizations) from around the world, coordinated by Plant Research International (Wageningen, the Netherlands), will collect DNA barcodes from many plant pathogenic quarantine organisms, store these sequences in a database accessible over the internet, develop a DNA bank and train end-users. All these activities should help National Plant Protection Services in the correct identification and detection of plant pathogenic quarantine organisms. 相似文献