赖氨酸占蛋白质及饲粮的比例对杜洛克猪生长肥育性能及胴体品质的影响

杜洛克猪48头,体重27kg左右,分6组。试验前期(27～60kg)日粮的消化能均为13.67MJ)/kg,后期(60～90kg)均为13.44MJ/kg。粗蛋白1、2、3组前期均为18％,后期均为16％;4、5、6组前期均为16％,后期均为14％。同时配合3种赖蛋比水平6.6～6.9％,6.1～6.25％及5％。试验结果表明:4、5、6组平均日增重、饲料利用率及胴体瘦肉率都略高于1、2、3组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。在前期,以第5组平均日增重最高(达782克),极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01);饲料利用率2.41,极显著好于其他各组(P<0.01)。后期以第5组平均日增重最高(875克)。试验前期,第5组获得最佳的日增重(822克),极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01),饲料利用率2.98,胴体瘦肉率65.79％,与其他各组差异不显著(P>0.05)。在两种粗蛋白水平组内,均以赖蛋比6.1～6.25％的第5组和第2组生长速度最快(822克和778克)。说明在相同的能量水平下,赖蛋比是影响生长速度的主要因素。     

‘秦美’猕猴桃贮藏期病原真菌的鉴定

以‘秦美’猕猴桃为试材,分离纯化在贮藏过程中引起腐烂的主要病原真菌。采用形态学观察及核糖体rDNA-ITS(Internal transcribed spacer)区序列分析法进行鉴定。结果表明:从腐烂猕猴桃中共分离出5株致病菌,对ITS区序列测序结果经GenBank数据库BLAST比对,A的ITS序列与Trichothecium roseum(EU552162.1)同一分支,支持率达100%;B的ITS序列与Fusarium tricinctum(AB587078.1)同一分支,支持率达99%;C的ITS序列与Penicillium expansum(AF330635.1)同一分支,支持率达99%;D的ITS序列与Colletotrichum boninense(KF819619.1)同一分支,支持率达99%;E的ITS序列与Botrytis elliptica(KJ638600.1)同一分支,支持率达100%。由形态学及ITS区序列分析,构建系统发育树,最终鉴定A为粉红聚端孢(Trichothecium roseum),B为镰刀菌属(Fusarium tricinctum),C为扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum),D为炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum boninense),E为灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)。5种病原真菌中灰葡萄孢为主要致病菌。     

Effects of irrigation and plowing on soil carbon dioxide efflux in a poplar plantation chronosequence in northwest China

Soil respiration in forest plantations can be greatly affected by management practices. Irrigation is necessary for high productivity of poplar plantations in semi-arid northwest China. Moreover, plowing is essential for improving soil quality and reducing evaporation. In the present study, the influences of irrigation and plowing on soil carbon dioxide (CO₂) efflux were investigated in poplar plantations in 2007 and 2008. The experiments included three stand age classes receiving three treatments: control, irrigation, and plowing. Mean soil respiration in irrigation treatment stands was 5.47, 4.86, and 4.43?µmol?m^?2?s^?1 in 3-, 8-, and 15-year-old stands, respectively, during the growing season. In contrast, mean soil respiration in control stands was 3.71, 3.83, and 3.98?µmol?m^?2?s^?1 in 3-, 8-, and 15-year-old stands, respectively. During the entire observation period, mean soil respiration in plowing treatment stands increased by 36.2% compared with that in the control stands. Mean soil respiration in irrigation treatment stands was significantly higher than that in the control stands; this was mainly because fine root growth and decomposer activities were greatly depressed by soil drought, since natural precipitation could not meet their water demands. The results also suggest that plowing management can greatly increase soil CO₂ emission by modifying soil structure. After plowing, soil bulk density decreased and soil aeration was greatly improved, leading to greater rates of oxidation and mineralization.     

分蘖期干旱胁迫对寒地粳稻光合特性及产量形成的影响

为了探讨分蘖期干旱胁迫对寒地粳稻产量形成的影响机理及其耐旱机制,以东农425(耐旱型)和松粳6号(干旱敏感型)为试验材料,通过盆栽方式于分蘖期控制土壤水势至0 k Pa(对照)、-10 k Pa(轻度干旱)、-25 k Pa(中度干旱)、-40 k Pa(重度干旱),依次记为A0、A1、A2、A3。处理21 d后复水,研究分蘖期不同程度干旱胁迫对寒地粳稻叶面积、光合特性、叶绿素总含量、产量及产量构成因素的影响。结果表明,分蘖期干旱胁迫导致叶面积减小、功能叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)均随土壤水势降低而下降。同时,干旱处理期间寒地粳稻功能叶片叶绿素总含量、叶绿素a/b值均随干旱胁迫程度增加而下降,但类胡萝卜素含量的变化却与其相反。干旱胁迫下寒地粳稻产量显著下降,且下降幅度随土壤水势降低而逐渐增大。有效穗数和穗粒数大量降低造成产量显著下降,说明分蘖期干旱胁迫造成减产的主要原因是低土壤水势造成了寒地粳稻库容量或单位面积颖花量的大量降低。与A0(对照)相比,A1、A2和A3下松粳6号产量降幅分别为13.87%、20.87%和32.51%;而东农425分别为10.58%、15.21%和25.52%,均显著低于松粳6号,且耐旱型品种东农425始终保持较高光合生长能力。本研究结果为寒地粳稻抗旱节水栽培技术措施的制定提供了理论依据。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒肾致病株的致弱及免疫研究

用已鉴定的广西鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)分离株G,C,Z和Q分别通过鸡胚传代进行致弱,在一定代次时分别接种敏感鸡作毒力测定试验.然后用已致弱的毒株在实验室进行攻击保护试验,最后取已致弱而且抗原性良好的毒株在广西各地鸡场进行田间应用试验。结果表明,C株在传至40代时,G,Z和Q株分别传至20代时对鸡的毒性均已大大降低;免疫鸡用标准强毒株(M_(41))攻击,然后用病毒回收的技术来衡量其免疫力,结果各株经免疫两次后均有很好的保护率(60％～100％),均显著优于对照组(P<0.01);致弱株分别在南宁、柳州、容县、岑溪和博自5县市的11个鸡场进行田间试验,试验的鸡有30群共103761羽,试验时分别对疫苗免疫对鸡生产性能的影响、安全性和育成率进行观察和测算,结果表明,作者培育的IBV弱毒苗对鸡是安全的,使用C_(60)或C_(80)和G_(20)株先后两次免疫鸡,对IB有较好预防效果,这些弱毒株有希望成为供生产使用的疫苗。     

果树废弃枝条资源化处理研究现状

随着中国果园种植面积的不断扩大,果树废弃枝条数量日渐增长。果树废弃枝条蕴含丰富的矿物质,是宝贵的生物资源,但是,目前不当利用方式造成了资源的浪费。综述了果树枝条利用概况和处理研究现状,归纳果树废弃枝条资源化处理存在的问题,并针对问题提出意见和建议。为今后果树废弃枝条处理的深入探索及推广应用提供参考。     

GDFs基因家族候选基因对崇仁麻鸡生长性状的影响

利用崇仁麻鸡差异性状的重测序结果,将生长分化因子(GDFs)基因家族作为候选基因,筛选与崇仁麻鸡生长性状相关的多态位点。结果发现,GDF-2、GDF-8和GDF-10基因的多态位点对崇仁麻鸡的生长性状有着显著或极显著的影响。单倍型分析结果显示,GDF-2和GDF-10基因的单倍型H3H3为劣势单倍型组合可以选择淘汰。研究结果表明,GDFs基因家族候选基因对崇仁麻鸡的生长性状有一定的影响。     

部分云南粳稻品种的抗瘟性分类

 根据云南部分粳稻品种对7个菌系的反应型，将596个粳稻品种划分为35群。借助单基因鉴别品种，推断了50个品种的基因型。应用致病谱广的北方小种，筛选出一批新抗源，满足抗病育种对抗源的需求，也为系统的抗病基因分析奠定物质基础。     

25份澳大利亚小麦种质的性状表现及利用

为给黄淮南片冬麦区小麦育种提供信息,对25份澳大利亚小麦种质于2016-2018年度在新乡进行了部分农艺性状调查,对其品质性状及优质亚基等进行了分析。结果表明,25份澳大利亚小麦种质多表现为春性,综合农艺性状较差;千粒重低于黄淮麦区高产对照品种周麦18,变化范围为31.4 g～43.1 g;湿面筋含量、面筋指数、稳定时间、弱化度的变化范围分别为28.0%～39.1%、55.2%～96.5%、4.0 min～25.0 min、5%～100%。从澳大利亚小麦种质中,筛选出了具有湿面筋含量高、面筋指数高、稳定时间长、面粉粉色白等优良品质特性的材料,鉴定出了含5+10亚基、7+8~*亚基(7超量表达亚基)、17+18亚基、13+16亚基、低PPO活性基因及 Wx-B1基因缺失等优异品质材料,筛选出了含有 Rht-D1b矮秆基因以及 Lr34和 Lr46抗叶锈基因的材料。利用澳大利亚小麦种质为改良亲本,与黄淮麦区表现突出的小麦品种配制三交或四交组合,按常规系谱方法对优良性状进行定向选择,培育出了综合农艺性状表现好、品质表现突出的小麦新品系。     

Effect of environmental C/N ratio on activities of lignin-degrading enzymes produced by Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Lignin-degrading enzymes secreted by white rot fungi play an important role in the degradation of lignin and persistent organic pollutants(POPs).In this study,effect of environmental C/N ratio on the activities of lignin-degrading enzymes,lignin peroxide(Li P)and manganese peroxidase(Mn P),produced by Phanerochaete chrysosporium,a white rot fungus,was investigated.Glucose was used as C source,and ammonium tartrate of different concentrations was used as N source to provide different C/N ratios.Relationships between Li P and Mn P activities and environmental C/N ratio were explored.The results showed that the higher the N source concentration,the faster the mycelium pellets aged.The faster the mycelium dry weight increased,the higher the Li P and Mn P activities.A high C/N ratio was a necessary condition for the secretion of Li P or Mn P.In addition,mycelium dry weight essentially affected enzyme activities.In the 122 C/N ratio and 50 C/N ratio treatments,mycelium dry weight essentially affected Mn P activity and both Li P and Mn P activities,respectively.