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1.
Allan J. Williamson Joao H.N. Soares Noah D. Pavlisko Robert McAlister Council-Troche Natalia Henao-Guerrero 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(4):738-745
Objective
To characterize the isoflurane-sparing effects of a high and a low dose of fentanyl in dogs, and its effects on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR).Study design
Prospective, randomized crossover trial.Animals
Eight healthy male Beagle dogs weighing 12.1 ± 1.6 kg [mean ± standard deviation (SD)] and approximate age 1 year.Methods
Dogs were anesthetized using isoflurane and minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) was determined in duplicate by the bracketing method using an electrical stimulus on the tarsus. Animals were administered fentanyl: low dose (33 μg kg?1 loading dose, 0.2 μg kg?1 minute?1) or high dose (102 μg kg?1 loading dose, 0.8 μg kg?1 minute?1) and MAC was re-determined (MACISO-F). Blood was collected for analysis of plasma fentanyl concentrations before administration and after MACISO-F determination. All values are presented as mean ± SD.Results
Isoflurane MAC (MACISO) was 1.30 ± 0.23% in the low dose treatment, which significantly decreased to 0.75 ± 0.22% (average MAC reduction 42.3 ± 9.4%). MACISO was 1.30 ± 0.18% in the high dose treatment, which significantly decreased to 0.30 ± 0.11% (average MAC reduction 76.9 ± 7.4%). Mean fentanyl plasma concentrations were 6.2 and 29.5 ng mL?1 for low and high dose treatments, respectively. MAP increased significantly only in the high dose treatment (from 81 ± 8 to 92 ± 9 mmHg). HR decreased significantly in both treatments from 108 ± 25 to 61 ± 14 beats minute?1 with the low dose and from 95 ± 14 to 42 ± 4 beats minute?1 with the high dose.Conclusions and clinical relevance
Fentanyl administration resulted in a dose-dependent isoflurane MAC-sparing effect with bradycardia at both doses and an increase in MAP only at high dose. Further evaluation is needed to determine the effects of fentanyl on the overall cardiovascular function. 相似文献2.
David T.W. Chun Jonn A. Foulk David D. McAlister 《Industrial Crops and Products》2009,29(2-3):371-376
The ‘AATCC Test Method 100-1999, Antibacterial Finishes on Textile Materials: Assessment of’ was modified by not assaying for the initial population density and only reporting the population density at the end of incubation for comparing treatments. This seemed to be a reasonable change since the assay challenges the treatments at the start with the same population inoculum density. This permitted the AATCC Test Method 100-1999 to be flexible and easier for testing materials that may or may not actually exhibit bacteriostatic properties. A substantial savings in material and time was gained by not taking the initial population density. This change allows testing more treatments, using more replicate samples, or shortens the time to conduct the assay which can permit more assays to be conducted. However, the control treatment needs to be integral with each assay; but since this is usually done, this would be a small inconvenience compared to the savings. The assay responded well when used to test fabric containing variable amounts of material with known antibacterial properties. The population density of the challenge bacteria decreased as the concentration of the antibacterial component of the fabric increased. The results from the use of the modified AATCC Test Method 100-1999 assay did not indicate that adding flax provided any additional bacteriostatic properties to the flax denim against the two challenge bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The long held assumption that flax is bacteriostatic or antibacterial was not supported by the results and probably does not contribute to its resistance to rotting as much as its physical or chemical composition. 相似文献
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Derekas A Kiss LL Borkovits T Huber D Lehmann H Southworth J Bedding TR Balam D Hartmann M Hrudkova M Ireland MJ Kovács J Mezo G Moór A Niemczura E Sarty GE Szabó GM Szabó R Telting JH Tkachenko A Uytterhoeven K Benko JM Bryson ST Maestro V Simon AE Stello D Schaefer G Aerts C ten Brummelaar TA De Cat P McAlister HA Maceroni C Mérand A Still M Sturmann J Sturmann L Turner N Tuthill PG Christensen-Dalsgaard J Gilliland RL Kjeldsen H Quintana EV Tenenbaum P Twicken JD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6026):216-218
Hierarchical triple systems comprise a close binary and a more distant component. They are important for testing theories of star formation and of stellar evolution in the presence of nearby companions. We obtained 218 days of Kepler photometry of HD 181068 (magnitude of 7.1), supplemented by ground-based spectroscopy and interferometry, which show it to be a hierarchical triple with two types of mutual eclipses. The primary is a red giant that is in a 45-day orbit with a pair of red dwarfs in a close 0.9-day orbit. The red giant shows evidence for tidally induced oscillations that are driven by the orbital motion of the close pair. HD 181068 is an ideal target for studies of dynamical evolution and testing tidal friction theories in hierarchical triple systems. 相似文献
5.
Allan J. Williamson Joao HN. Soares Natalia Henao-Guerrero Roberto McAlister Council-Troche Noah D. Pavlisko 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(4):423-431
Objective
To compare the cardiopulmonary effects of low and high doses of fentanyl before and after the correction of bradycardia in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.Study design
Prospective, randomized crossover trial.Animals
Eight healthy male Beagle dogs weighing 11.1 ± 1.3 kg [mean ± standard deviation (SD)] and aged approximately 1 year.Methods
The dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane [1.3 × minimum alveolar concentration (MAC)] on two occasions and fentanyl was administered intravenously; either low-dose fentanyl, loading dose (33 μg kg–1) and infusion (0.2 μg kg–1 minute–1) or a high-dose, loading dose (102 μg kg–1) and infusion (0.8 μg kg–1 minute–1). Cardiopulmonary variables were measured at three time points in equipotent isoflurane concentrations (1.3 MAC): before fentanyl administration (ISO), during fentanyl-induced bradycardia (ISO–F) and after administration of glycopyrrolate normalized heart rate (ISO–FNHR). Data are mean ± SD.Results
Heart rate and cardiac index (CI) decreased and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) increased at ISO–F in both treatments. Bradycardia and vasoconstriction at ISO–F were greater in high than in low-dose fentanyl (42 ± 7 versus 57 ± 15 beats minute–1 and 3457 ± 1108 versus 2528 ± 968 dyne second cm–5 m–2), respectively. Oxygen delivery index (DO2I) decreased only during high-dose fentanyl. CI and DO2I were higher in both treatments at ISO–FNHR than at ISO–F; however, they were higher only during the high-dose fentanyl than at ISO. SVRI was higher at ISO–F than at ISO and ISO–FNHR in both treatments, and was higher at ISO–F in the high than in the low-dose treatment.Conclusions and clinical relevance
An overall improvement in cardiovascular function of dogs anesthetized with equipotent isoflurane doses (1.3 MAC) was observed after the treatment of bradycardia only with the high-dose fentanyl. 相似文献6.
Bennett LH Cuthill JR McAlister AJ Erickson NE Watson RE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1974,184(4136):563-565
Tungsten carbide has been shown to be an effective catalyst for a number of reactions that are readily catalyzed by platinum, but not at all by tungsten, and it was speculated that this behavior is due to changes in the electron distribution when carbon is added to tungsten. A test of this hypothesis, made by measuring the valence band x-ray photoelectron spectrum of tungsten carbide and comparing it with the spectra of tungsten and platinum, shows that, near the Fermi level, the electronic density of states of tungsten carbide more nearly resembles that of platinum than that of tungsten. 相似文献
7.
Measurement of the long-wave infrared radiation from the top 0.1 mm of the evaporating ocean demonstrates the existence of a cool surface layer characterized by departures of as much as 0.6 degrees C from the "surface temperature" found by conventional methods. Being very thin, the layer cools sufficiently rapidly to reestablish itself in less than 12 seconds after disruption by a breaking wave. 相似文献
8.
Himmelsbach DS Hellgeth JW McAlister DD 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(20):7405-7412
The presence of foreign matter in cotton seriously affects the cotton grade and thus the price per bale paid by the spinner to the grower, the efficiency of the spinning and ginning operations, and the quality of the final woven product. Rapid identification of the nature of the extraneous matter in cotton at each stage of cleaning and processing is necessary to permit actions to eliminate or reduce its presence and improve efficiency and quality. Although several instruments are being successfully employed for the measurement of contamination in cotton fibers based on particle size/weight, no commercial instrument is capable of accurate qualitative identification of contaminants. To this end, ATR/FT-IR spectra of retrieved foreign matter were collected and subsequently rapidly matched to an authentic spectrum in a spectral database. The database includes contaminants typically classified as "trash", cotton plant parts (hull, shale, seed-coat fragments, bract, cacyx, leaf, bark, sticks, and stems) and grass plant parts (leaf and stem); "foreign objects and materials", synthetic materials (plastic bags, film, rubber, bale wrapping and strapping); organic materials (other fibers, yarns, paper, feathers, and leather); plus entomological and physiological sugars and inorganic materials (sand and rust). The spectral matching resulted in consistently high-score identification of the foreign matter based on chemical composition, irrespective of its particle size. The method is envisioned to be employed with stand-alone rugged infrared instrumentation to provide specific identification of extraneous materials in cotton as opposed to only general classification of the type by particle size or shape. 相似文献
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The measurement of soil fungal:bacterial biomass ratios as an indicator of ecosystem self-regulation in temperate meadow grasslands 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
There is much interest in the development of agricultural land management strategies aimed at enhancing reliance on ecosystem
self-regulation rather than on artificial inputs such as fertilisers and pesticides. This study tested the usefulness of measures
of soil microbial biomass and fungal:bacterial biomass ratios as indicators of effective conversion from an intensive grassland
system, reliant mainly on fertilisers for crop nutrition, to a low-input system reliant mainly on self-regulation through
soil biological pathways of nutrient turnover. Analysis of soils from a wide range of meadow grassland sites in northern England,
along a gradient of long-term management intensity, showed that fungal:bacterial biomass ratios (measured by phospholipid
fatty acid analysis; PLFA) were consistently and significantly higher in the unfertilised than the fertilised grasslands.
There was also some evidence that microbial biomass, measured by chloroform fumigation and total PLFA, was higher in the unfertilised
than in the fertilised grasslands. It was also found that levels of inorganic nitrogen (N), in particular nitrate-N, were
significantly higher in the fertilised than in the unfertilised grasslands. However, microbial activity, measured as basal
respiration, did not differ between the sites. A field manipulation trial was conducted to determine whether the reinstatement
of traditional management on an improved mesotrophic grassland, for 6 years, resulted in similar changes in the soil microbial
community. It was found that neither the cessation of fertiliser applications nor changes in cutting and grazing management
significantly affected soil microbial biomass or the fungal:bacterial biomass ratio. It is suggested that the lack of effects
on the soil microbial community may be related to high residual fertility caused by retention of fertiliser N in the soil.
On the basis of these results it is recommended that following the reinstatement of low-input management, the measurement
of a significant increase in the soil fungal:bacterial biomass ratio, and perhaps total microbial biomass, may be an indicator
of successful conversion to a grassland system reliant of self-regulation.
Received: 4 May 1998 相似文献