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1.
Suhaila Mohamed Suzana Saka Saleh H. El-Sharkawy Abdul Manaf Ali Sepiah Muid 《Pest management science》1996,47(3):259-264
Ethanolic extracts of 58 Malaysian plants belonging to 24 different families were screened for antifungal activity against seven plant pathogens using the filter paper disc diffusion technique. Two varieties of Piper betle, showed strong activity against all the pathogens tested (Colletotrichum capsici, Fusarium pallidoroseum, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium citrinum, Phomopsis caricae-papayae and Aspergillus niger), with inhibition diameters significantly (P<0·01) bigger than 2·5 mg ml−1 prochloraz or 10 mg ml−1 clotrimazole. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the ethanolic extracts of P. betle against these plant pathogens ranged between 0·01 mg ml−1 and 1 mg ml−1. Thirty-four other plants (Kucing gala, Limau batik, Bertholletia excelsa, Bixa orellana, Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Cerbera odollam (fruits and leaves), Colocasia gigantea, Curcuma domestica, Curcuma manga, Derris eliptica, Elephantopus scaber, Eleusine indica, Eugenia polyantha, Euphorbia hirta, Euphorbia tirucalli, Gardenia florida, Hedyotis auricularia, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Juniperus chinensis (three varieties), Lawsonia inermis, Lecythis ollaria, Mentha arvensis, Mimusops elengi, Ocimum sanctum, Phyllanthus niruri, Piper nigrum, Piperomia pellucida, Pedilanthus tithymaloides, Polygonum minus, Spondias dulcis, Solanum nigrum, Tinospora tuberculata) showed selective antifungal activity, while 21 species were inactive. 相似文献
2.
Luiz Henrique Agra Cavalcante-Silva Ana Carolina de Carvalho Correia José Maria Barbosa-Filho Bagnólia Araújo da Silva Bárbara Viviana de Oliveira Santos Daysianne Pereira de Lira Jéssica Celestino Ferreira Sousa George Emmanuel C. de Miranda Fabiana de Andrade Cavalcante Magna Suzana Alexandre-Moreira 《Marine drugs》2013,11(5):1553-1564
In this work, we investigated the spasmolytic effect of caulerpine, a bisindole alkaloid isolated from marine algae of the Caulerpa genus, on guinea pig ileum. Our findings indicated that caulerpine inhibited phasic contractions induced by carbachol (IC50 = 7.0 ± 1.9 × 10−5 M), histamine (IC50 = 1.3 ± 0.3 × 10−4 M) and serotonin (IC50 = 8.0 ± 1.4 × 10−5 M) in a non-selective manner. Furthermore, caulerpine concentration-dependently inhibited serotonin-induced cumulative contractions (pD′2 = 4.48 ± 0.08), shifting the curves to the right with Emax reduction and slope of 2.44 ± 0.21, suggesting a noncompetitive antagonism pseudo-irreversible. The alkaloid also relaxed the ileum pre-contracted by KCl (EC50 = 9.0 ± 0.9 × 10−5 M) and carbachol (EC50 = 4.6 ± 0.7 × 10−5 M) in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect was probably due to inhibition of Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated calcium channels (CaV), since caulerpine slightly inhibited the CaCl2-induced contractions in depolarizing medium without Ca2+, shifting the curves to the right and with Emax reduction. According to these results, the spasmolytic effect of caulerpine on guinea pig ileum seems to involve inhibition of Ca2+ influx through CaV. However, other mechanisms are not discarded. 相似文献
3.
de Castro LA Rodrigues Pedroso T Kuchiishi SS Ramenzoni M Kich JD Zaha A Henning Vainstein M Bunselmeyer Ferreira H 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,116(4):258-269
The Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae genome contains at least 22 regions with a variable number of tandem nucleotide repeats (VNTRs) within coding DNA sequences (CDSs). In this work, the VNTR-containing CDSs were analysed in order to evaluate their degree of variation, possible correlations with antigenic properties, and their potential to be used as a basis for a strain typing PCR assay. We have analysed the VNTRs in five M. hyopneumoniae strains (J, 7448, 7422, PMS, and 232), based on published genomic sequences and on amplified and sequenced DNA segments. These VNTRs are distributed among 12 genes, most of which encode putative surface proteins, including known adhesins. The number of repeat units in any of the VNTRs is highly variable among the analysed strains, but they are, without exception, translationally in frame, and, therefore, code for a variable number of aminoacid repeats (VNTARs). These VNTARs determine putative structural, physicochemical and antigenic variations in the corresponding proteins, with potential implications for aspects associated to M. hyopneumoniae pathogenicity, such as cell adhesion and interactions with the host immune system. Considering that the characterized VNTARs are relatively stable, at least in vitro, and their sizes are strain-specific, we have developed a VNTR-based PCR assay for M. hyopneumoniae strain identification, useful for enzootic pneumonia (EP) diagnosis, strain typing, and distinction of circulating field isolates from vaccine strains in animals vaccinated against EP. 相似文献
4.
C Voiculescu Lucia Stanciu Mihaela Voiculescu Suzana Rogoz I Dumitriu 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1983,6(4):291-299
By using CBA/J mice as responders, the immunodepressive effect of seven antibacterial chemotherapeutic agents was tested, i.e. penicillin (pen), streptomycin (str), erythromycin (erm), kanamycin (kan), tetracycline (tet), colistin (col) and chloramphenicol (chl). Lymphocytotoxicity power, as well as the ability of each drug to influence secondary humoral (against sheep red blood cells or diphtheria anatoxin) or cell-mediated (against PPD and Coxsackie A9 virus) immunity were searched.
Erm, col and chl markedly depressed humoral and cell-mediated immune responsiveness in vitro after in vivo treatment with non-cytotoxical amounts. The Th lymphocyte supplementation of B reactive spleen cell population recovered the immune capacity in col and chl in vivo-treated groups, but not in erm-treated group. 相似文献
5.
Agricultural practice in the semi-arid region of Brazil is highly dependant on irrigation. As access to water is limited in
the region, there is a need to guarantee its efficient use, especially in small-scale farming schemes. Models adequately calibrated
for semi-arid conditions and for typical crops are useful tools for analysis of on-farm strategies to improve water use efficiency.
A physically based agrohydrological model, SALTMED, is calibrated and validated for carrots (Daucus carota L., Brasília variety) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), two of the main crops in small-scale irrigated agriculture in the northeast of Brazil. SALTMED is also calibrated for castor
beans (Ricinus communis L.) under rainfed conditions. The results demonstrated the suitability of the SALTMED model for simulating soil water dynamics
and crop yield in the area. Predicted time series of soil water content and matric potential of root zone showed good agreement
with observed values, as shown graphically and statistically. Using the calibrated and validated model, management scenarios
were analysed in terms of applied irrigation water, irrigation frequency, soil and crop types. Impact of climate change on
the irrigation water requirements was also briefly analysed for possible changes in annual temperature using two different
emission scenarios. Analysis of possible impact of climate change on temperature related to two emission scenarios on the
area showed an increase around 11% of the crop water requirement for carrots and cabbage, for the low emission scenario, and
around 17% for the high emission scenario. The analysis of management scenarios indicated possible over-irrigation in the
area. The simulation showed that the deficit irrigation was a useful water-saving strategy for the region. The simulations
also indicated that irrigation frequency affected crop water use and differed according to the soil type. 相似文献
6.
Lisandra Magna Moura Rafael Silva Ramos dos Anjos Renata Oliveira Batista Naine Martins do Vale Cosme Damião Cruz José Eustáquio de Souza Carneiro Juarez Campolina Machado Pedro Crescêncio Souza Carneiro 《Euphytica》2018,214(10):181
The objectives of this study were to obtain information about genetic parameters of a partial diallel in common bean, as well as to evaluate the effects of growing seasons, locations and generations in these estimates in order to define the best strategies for the use of diallel analysis as methodology of selection of parents and populations in common bean breeding. Twelve parents were crossed in a partial diallel scheme (5?×?7), and the F1 and F2 generations were evaluated in four experiments (I, II, III, and IV). The effects of seasons were determined in the Experiments I and II, in which the F1 generation was evaluated in two distinct growing seasons. To quantify the effect of locations, we used Experiments III and IV, in which the F2 generation was evaluated in the same season, but at different locations, and to quantify the effect of generations, the experiments II (generation F1) and III (F2 generation) were evaluated in the same season and location. As for grain yield the genetic control varied according to the environment. An effect of interaction on the genetic parameters of the diallel was observed for generation, whereas for grain yield, effects of season and location were observed. For plant architecture, parental combining ability should therefore be estimated using the F1 generation, while for grain yield, both the F1 and F2 can be used. The recombination between the best hybrids is a promising strategy for extraction of superior black bean lines. 相似文献
7.
An attempt at implementing a holistic inclusive development model: Insights from Malaysia's land settlement scheme 下载免费PDF全文
Mohd Zufri Mamat Boon‐Kwee Ng Suzana Ariff Azizan Lee Wei Chang 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2016,57(1):106-120
This paper examines the influences of Malaysia's Federation Land Development Authority (FELDA) scheme in fostering inclusive rural development. Based on the model of holistic inclusive development, the paper investigates the performance of FELDA from four perspectives: social development, industrialisation, modernisation and basic needs. The main findings of the study indicate that, to a large extent, the scheme has successfully stimulated both the social and economic development of the community. Nonetheless, establishing a strong trust, social cohesion and rapport between the public authorities and community remain the main challenges in determining the success of this state‐led agenda. Moreover, keeping traditional values in the modern system will be the key principle for the sustainability of the programme if plans are made to adopt the scheme in other regions. 相似文献
8.
Reaction kinetics of fixation of CCA-C (chromated copper arsenate type C) preservative was studied at 30°C in ground wood
of trembling aspen, red pine, and red maple at treatment retentions of 4.0, 6.4, 9.6, and 30 kg/m3, and red maple pre-extracted with hot water at retentions of 6.4 and 30 kg/m3. Reaction orders of cumulative Cr, Cu, and As reactions decreased gradually during the fixation if calculated by Van’t Hoff’s
method. With Essen’s method, CCA fixation was best approximated as follows: Cr—3rd order reaction during the first 24 h, and
1st order reaction for the rest of the fixation period; Cu—2nd order reaction; and As—1st order reaction in red pine and aspen,
and 2nd order in red maple. Rates of reaction decreased with increased CCA solution concentration for Cr and Cu, and increased
for As, except in red maple. Reaction rates for all CCA elements were significantly higher in rapidly fixing red maple than
in regularly fixing red pine and aspen, and were higher in unextracted than pre-extracted red maple. Modeling of CCA fixation
kinetic for the whole fixation period enabled comparison of fixation reactions among wood species, preservative components,
and treatment retentions. 相似文献
9.
Carvalho Camila Aparecida Pozza Edson Amplio de Souza Paulo Estevo Pozza Adlia Aziz Alexandre de Resende Mrio Lcio Vilela Porto Antnio Carlos Mota Balieiro Andr Augusto Ferreira Perez Cristian David Plaza dos Santos Botelho Deila Magna 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2022,163(3):767-774
European Journal of Plant Pathology - Brown eye spot (Cercospora coffeicola) is one of the main diseases of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) and represents a serious phytosanitary problem for the crop.... 相似文献
10.
Fractional excretion of electrolytes in volume‐responsive and intrinsic acute kidney injury in dogs: Diagnostic and prognostic implications 下载免费PDF全文