叶龄对不挂果荔枝营养成分的影响

不挂果荔枝(Litchi chihens-is Sonn.,CV BengaⅠ)叶片中 N、K、Zn 的浓度一般随叶龄(2—25周)的增大而下降,而 Ca、Mg、Na、Cl、Fe、Mn、B则升高,N 和 Cu 的浓度随施肥水平而变,测定单项养分,依特定的养分可采取嫩叶或老叶,但同时测定多种养分,则取新梢的老熟叶片,或前一次梢的第一、二张叶片较为合适:荔枝低产通常可以归因子养分的不足(Menzel 和 Simpson,1987)。尽管叶片分析已广泛应用于研究果树的营养问题(Shear 和 Faust,1980),但对于荔枝叶片制定的标准只是根据有限的试验(Menz-el 和 Slmpson,1987)。要使叶片分析可靠地用于诊断营养状况,几种因素必须考虑,即叶龄、叶位、品种、气候、季节、病虫害和时间等(Robson,1981)。生理年龄可能是影响植物矿质养分的最重要因素(Bates,1971)。作物负荷、土壤类型、气候或栽培措施基本上不会改变养分浓度与叶龄之间的关系,但施肥水平却可能使树体营养纵向位移,以叶片反映树体营养状况的灵敏性还受到生理叶龄的影响(Guardiola,1974)。对于柑桔类,当叶龄为3—4月时,叶片含氮量与产量之间具有最好的相关性。本文研究了与生理叶龄(从出叶开始)有关的荔枝养分的变化,以及建立标准采样程序的重要资料。     

钼对小麦种子休眠的影响

在砂培和可控环境条件下诱导小麦缺钼，于６叶和旗叶期，给一半植株叶面喷施钼。钼处理植株生产种子休眠的时间显著长于缺钼植株生产种子。钼处理产生的种子硝酸盐和蛋白质含量也有提高。钼能成功地防止玉米收获前发芽。上述这些发现表明，钼似乎对缺钼土壤上生长小麦收获前穗发芽损失具有限制作用。     

在平流冻害中升高微型喷头改善桔树的保护效果

1989年12月23～26日发生的严重平流冻害冻死了佛罗里达北部柑桔栽培区大部分非保护柑桔树。这次冻害的最低温度达到-8.3℃,低于零度的时间43小时以上。微型喷头的高度升高到0.6米或0.9米,置于“哈姆林”(“Hamlin”)甜橙和脐橙[Citrus sinesis (L)Osb],幼树的树冠内部,对1米以上的树     

Cytokine mRNA profiles in pigs exposed prenatally and postnatally to Schistosoma japonicum

The pig is a natural host for Schistosoma japonicum and a useful animal model of human infection. The aim of the present study was to assess the differences between the cytokine profiles in prenatally or postnatally S. japonicum exposed pigs. Seven prenatally exposed pigs, 7 postnatally exposed pigs and 4 uninfected control pigs were compared 27 weeks post exposure. Variables included worm burdens, tissue egg counts, liver pathology and mRNA levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1 and IFN-gamma in the liver and the caecum, assessed by RT-PCR. Infection intensity and level of septal fibrosis were significantly higher in the postnatal group compared to the prenatal group (P < 0.05). A significant increase of IL-4 (P < 0.01), IL-10 (P < 0.01), IL-12 (P < 0.01) and TNF-alpha (P < 0.05) mRNA level was also observed in the caecum of prenatally infected animals compared to the control group (P < 0.01). The prenatal group showed higher levels of TGF-beta1 in the liver compared with the postnatally infected group (P< 0.05) and the control group (P< 0.01). This suppressive immune response correlated with previously reported low hepatic pathogenesis in prenatally exposed pigs.     

Phylogenetic characterization of rabies virus isolates from Carnivora in Brazil

The incidence of canine rabies has been widely reported in Brazil, and new rabies virus (RV) variants, genetically similar to canine RV, have recently been isolated from foxes. In order to derive the epidemiological characteristics of Brazilian Carnivora RV, Brazilian RVs isolated from dogs, cats, and foxes were genetically analyzed. Brazilian Carnivora RV isolates were divided into 2 main lineages. The predominant lineage was found in dogs and cats, which included the Argentinean and Bolivian Carnivora RV isolates, and was extensively distributed throughout Brazil and surrounding countries. The other lineage consisted of three sublineages containing Brazilian dog and fox RV isolates, with the dog sublineages located on an internal branch of 2 fox sublineages, suggesting that RV transmission events might have occurred between foxes and dogs in the past. These results suggest that contact between dogs and wildlife has the potential to generate new rabies variants and that it is important to control RV infection cycles in both dogs and wildlife to prevent spread of rabies infection.