Molecular characterization and expression analysis of two RING-between-RING (RBR) ubiquitin ligase orthologues from the Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer)

Post-translational modifications like ubiquitination determine the fate of many cellular proteins. There are evidences about the role of these ubiquitinated proteins in the antiviral immune response. E3 ubiquitin ligases like RBR (RING between RING) proteins play a crucial role in the regulation of immune signalling. In the present study, two RBR genes (RNF114 and RNF144A) from Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) were cloned and characterized. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that these genes were closely clustered with their counterparts from teleost origin. Structurally they feature multiple domains with RING1 and RING2 domains and an IBR (in between RING) domain. The challenge studies with poly(I:C) and RGNNV virus gave evidence that both Lates RNF114 and RNF144A genes play a crucial role in antiviral immune response. Our studies suggest that RBR is an important gene in innate immune response and shed light on antiviral immune research in Lates calcarifer and its aquaculture.

     

Algae-Derived Anti-Inflammatory Compounds against Particulate Matters-Induced Respiratory Diseases: A Systematic Review

Air pollution has recently become a subject of increasing concern in many parts of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that nearly 4.2 million early deaths are due to exposure to fine particles in polluted air, which causes multiple respiratory diseases. Algae, as a natural product, can be an alternative treatment due to potential biofunctional properties and advantages. This systematic review aims to summarize and evaluate the evidence of metabolites derived from algae as potential anti-inflammatory agents against respiratory disorders induced by atmospheric particulate matter (PM). Databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed were systematically searched for relevant published full articles from 2016 to 2020. The main key search terms were limited to “algae”, “anti-inflammation”, and “air pollutant”. The search activity resulted in the retrieval of a total of 36 publications. Nine publications are eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. A total of four brown algae (Ecklonia cava, Ishige okamurae, Sargassum binderi and Sargassum horneri) with phytosterol, polysaccharides and polyphenols were reported in the nine studies. The review sheds light on the pathways of particulate matter travelling into respiratory systems and causing inflammation, and on the mechanisms of actions of algae in inhibiting inflammation. Limitations and future directions are also discussed. More research is needed to investigate the potential of algae as anti-inflammatory agents against PM in in vivo and in vitro experimental models, as well as clinically.