Development and Acceptability of a Ready-to-Eat Β-Carotene Rich,Maize Based Supplementary Product

Low cost supplementary products using maize were developed and made using extrusion. -carotene rich sources like curry leaf, carrot, red palm oil were used at different level to increase vitamin A precursor Levels and, therefore, vitamin A. Incorporation of curry leaf powder and carrot powder at 30 percent level and 30:70 blend of red palm oil and groundnut oil were found to be more acceptable than the products made with other levels. These products were tasted for acceptability by preschool children and were analysed for energy, protein, fat and -carotene contents. The control, fresh and stored supplementary products contained 1.707, 1.922, 1.919 MJ, 11.0, 11.6, 10.36 g protein, 10.2, 10.4, 9.64 g fat, 0, 7.37,6.72 mg -carotene per 100g, respectively. The loss of -carotene in processing and storage of curry leaf and carrot supplemented products was 13.69, 6.25 and 20.24, 8.06 percent, respectively.     

Sources of resistance to Indian pathotypes of Puccinia graminis tritici and P. triticina in durum wheat

Stem rust and leaf rust are important diseases affecting durum wheat production in India. Inheritance and extent of diversity in resistance were studied in five durum genotypes, viz. ?B 662', ?ED 2398‐A', ?HG 110', ?IWP 5019' and ?Line 1172? using Pgt pathotypes 40A and 117‐6, and Pt pathotypes 12‐2 and 104‐2. F₂ and F₃ analyses showed that resistance was conferred by one or two genes in each line. In all, four genes for resistance to 40A, and eight each for pathotypes 117‐6 and 12‐2 were identified among the five genotypes, and three for resistance to 104‐2 among B 662, ED 2398‐A and IWP 5019 were indicated by tests of allelism. Although the gene identities are not known, at least some of them should be different from Sr2, Sr7b, Sr8a, Sr8b, Sr9e, Sr9g, Sr11, Sr12, Sr13, Sr14, Sr17, Sr23 and Sr28; and from Lr3, Lr14a, Lr23 and Lr27 + Lr31. These genotypes enrich the diversity of resistance to stem rust and leaf rust for durum wheat improvement.     

‘CPAN 1842’: a new source of adult plant leaf rust resistance in bread wheat

There is worldwide interest in adult plant resistance (APR) because of greater durability of APR to the cereal rusts. Peruvian bread wheat genotype ‘CPAN (Coordinated Project Accession Number) 1842’ (LM 50–53) has shown leaf rust resistance in disease screening nurseries since its introduction in 1977. However, it is susceptible at the seedling stage to several Puccinia triticina (Pt) pathotypes including the widely prevalent 77‐5 (121R63‐1) that infects bread wheat. Inheritance studies showed that CPAN 1842 carried a dominant gene for APR to pathotype 77‐5, which was different from Lr12, Lr13, Lr22a, Lr34, Lr35, Lr37, Lr46, Lr48, Lr49 and Lr68, based on the tests of allelism; and from Lr67, based on genotyping with the closely linked SSR marker cfd71. This gene should also be different from Lr22b as the latter is totally ineffective against pathotype 77‐5. CPAN 1842 therefore appears to be a new promising source of leaf rust resistance. Also having resistance to stem rust and stripe rust, this line can contribute to breeding for multiple rust resistances in wheat.