The detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in bovine faeces by isolation and the comparison of isolation with the examination of stained smears by light microscopy

The detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis organisms in bovine faeces by isolation was compared with that by the microscopical examination of Ziehl-Neelsen stained faecal smears for the presence of clumps of acid-fast M. paratuberculosis organisms. Faeces were obtained from cattle naturally or experimentally infected with M. paratuberculosis as well as from uninfected cattle. Microscopical examination was an unreliable method for the detection of M. paratuberculosis organisms, since the organisms were only detected in 99 (=55.9%) of 177 culturally positive faecal samples. 1111 addition, clumps of acid-fast organisms indistinguishable from M. paratuberculosis were also observed iin three of 18 samples from cattle free from Johne's disease and in 18 of 37 culturally negative samples from paratuberculous cattle. When M. paratuberculosis organisms were added to faeces from an uninfected cow, results showed that isolation attempts should be positive when 15 or more M. paratuberculosis organisms per gram of faeces are present.     

Comparison of an enzyme-linked immunospecific assay (ELISA) with the cold complement fixation test for the serodiagnosis of Brucella ovis infection

An enzyme-linked immunospecific assay (ELISA) for the serodiagnosis of Brucella ovis infection in sheep is described and compared with the cold complement fixation (CF) test. ELISA was performed in microtiter plates, using horse-radish peroxidase conjugated to anti-normal sheep serum globulins, and hydrogen peroxide plus o-phenylenediamine as substrate. A heated, cell-free B. ovis extract was used as antigen in both tests. ELISA was easier to perform, distinguished better between positive and negative sera, and did not need heat-inactivated sera.     

茶叶功能成分的健康作用研究新进展

茶叶有效成分的健康功能一直是国际茶叶科学研究的热点。文章系统综述了国际上近年来(尤其是近5年来)关于茶叶主要功能成分的生物活性及其作用机制的研究进展,重点阐述了儿茶素、茶黄素、茶氨酸、茶多糖、咖啡碱及儿茶素衍生物的健康功能研究成果,旨在为以茶的健康属性驱动市场消费及茶叶功能成分利用提供新的科学依据。     

Suspected paraspinal abscess and spinal epidural empyema in a dog

Epidural spinal cord compression was visualized myelographically in a dog presented for rapid development of paraparesis. A large, fluid-filled pocket in the epaxial musculature was found at surgery and appeared to communicate with the first lumbar vertebra. Unfortunately, cytopathological evaluation of the fluid was not performed. No etiological agents were isolated on aerobic culture. The dog responded well to decompressive surgery and medical therapy consisting of antibiotics, pain medication, and nursing care. In the veterinary literature, only two studies of spinal epidural empyema in the dog have been reported. Of these dogs, one had successful decompressive surgery performed. The other dogs in these two reports were euthanized. The dog presented in this report fully recovered. Spinal epidural empyema should be considered as a differential diagnosis in dogs presenting with a fever and a rapidly progressing myelopathy.     

红茶及其功能成分降脂减肥研究进展

肥胖问题已经成为21世纪全球重要的公共卫生问题.红茶及其功能成分茶多酚以及儿茶素氧化聚合产物(如茶黄素、茶红素和茶褐素)等能够通过调节脂质代谢、改善血脂异常和氧化应激以及调节肠道菌群等多种途径来发挥降脂减肥作用.本文综述了近年来红茶及其功能成分的降脂减肥功效及其调节机制,旨在为今后红茶及其功能性成分的研究与利用等提供参...     

林檎叶的综合利用研究Ⅱ．叶片浸出物的抑菌效应

在总结传统应用的基础上，通过系统试验，探索了林檎叶浸出物对饮料抑菌防腐的效应．以饼干、鲜葡萄汁、米饭、蔗糖、琼脂作培养基，并以茶作对照进行的试验结果表明，林檎叶的浸出液具有较明显的抑菌效果，以林檎叶为主要原料研制的饮料产品，在自然条件下存放６０ｄ，经湖南省食品质量监督检测所检验，符合国家食品卫生质量要求．     

控温渥堆对黑毛茶香气品质的影响

对传统渥堆与45℃、50℃控温渥堆的黑毛茶进行感官品质评价,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术（HS-SPME-GC-MS）结合主成分分析法（PCA）和偏最小二乘判别分析法（PLS-DA）对挥发性成分进行比较分析。结果表明,与传统渥堆和50℃控温渥堆相比,45℃控温渥堆黑毛茶香气的愉悦感、纯正度和浓度更好,杂异气味少。在传统及控温渥堆中共获得24种关键性差异挥发性成分,其中α-柏木烯、新植二烯、橄榄醇、δ-杜松醇、香芹酚、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、(Z)-7-十六碳烯醛、反式-β-紫罗兰酮等关键性差异挥发性成分在控温渥堆中的相对含量显著高于传统渥堆。研究结果可为改善黑毛茶香气品质提供参考。     

茶树留新叶采摘对碳氮化合物含量的影响

日本的头茶、二茶和三茶的采摘期分别在4～5月、6～7月和8～9月。相对而言,头茶的新梢生长主要依靠上年储存的碳水化合物供应营养物质,随着头茶的生长与采摘,贮存的碳水化合物不断被消耗而减少。因此,二、三茶的生长主要依靠光合作用供应营养物质。据此认为,在头茶采摘时留养一批新叶,对保持二、三茶高强度的光合作用,从而提高二、三茶的产量与品质将起重要的作用。