叶龄对不挂果荔枝营养成分的影响

不挂果荔枝(Litchi chihens-is Sonn.,CV BengaⅠ)叶片中 N、K、Zn 的浓度一般随叶龄(2—25周)的增大而下降,而 Ca、Mg、Na、Cl、Fe、Mn、B则升高,N 和 Cu 的浓度随施肥水平而变,测定单项养分,依特定的养分可采取嫩叶或老叶,但同时测定多种养分,则取新梢的老熟叶片,或前一次梢的第一、二张叶片较为合适:荔枝低产通常可以归因子养分的不足(Menzel 和 Simpson,1987)。尽管叶片分析已广泛应用于研究果树的营养问题(Shear 和 Faust,1980),但对于荔枝叶片制定的标准只是根据有限的试验(Menz-el 和 Slmpson,1987)。要使叶片分析可靠地用于诊断营养状况,几种因素必须考虑,即叶龄、叶位、品种、气候、季节、病虫害和时间等(Robson,1981)。生理年龄可能是影响植物矿质养分的最重要因素(Bates,1971)。作物负荷、土壤类型、气候或栽培措施基本上不会改变养分浓度与叶龄之间的关系,但施肥水平却可能使树体营养纵向位移,以叶片反映树体营养状况的灵敏性还受到生理叶龄的影响(Guardiola,1974)。对于柑桔类,当叶龄为3—4月时,叶片含氮量与产量之间具有最好的相关性。本文研究了与生理叶龄(从出叶开始)有关的荔枝养分的变化,以及建立标准采样程序的重要资料。     

钼对小麦种子休眠的影响

在砂培和可控环境条件下诱导小麦缺钼，于６叶和旗叶期，给一半植株叶面喷施钼。钼处理植株生产种子休眠的时间显著长于缺钼植株生产种子。钼处理产生的种子硝酸盐和蛋白质含量也有提高。钼能成功地防止玉米收获前发芽。上述这些发现表明，钼似乎对缺钼土壤上生长小麦收获前穗发芽损失具有限制作用。     

在平流冻害中升高微型喷头改善桔树的保护效果

1989年12月23～26日发生的严重平流冻害冻死了佛罗里达北部柑桔栽培区大部分非保护柑桔树。这次冻害的最低温度达到-8.3℃,低于零度的时间43小时以上。微型喷头的高度升高到0.6米或0.9米,置于“哈姆林”(“Hamlin”)甜橙和脐橙[Citrus sinesis (L)Osb],幼树的树冠内部,对1米以上的树     

茶根朽病是肯尼亚茶树的一种重要病害

因蜜环菌 Armilaria mellea(Vahl exFr.)引起的根朽病,是许多木本植物的一种重要病害而遍及全世界,作者在肯尼亚从鳄梨、油桃、茶树上鉴定到这种病。茶树感病后发黄,较健株矮小,提早开花,根际皮层裂开,因而名“根裂病”,根际下方皮层干裂或根系复有米白色常呈扇状的菌丝体,在肯尼亚海拔较高(2000米以     

The detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in bovine faeces by isolation and the comparison of isolation with the examination of stained smears by light microscopy

The detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis organisms in bovine faeces by isolation was compared with that by the microscopical examination of Ziehl-Neelsen stained faecal smears for the presence of clumps of acid-fast M. paratuberculosis organisms. Faeces were obtained from cattle naturally or experimentally infected with M. paratuberculosis as well as from uninfected cattle. Microscopical examination was an unreliable method for the detection of M. paratuberculosis organisms, since the organisms were only detected in 99 (=55.9%) of 177 culturally positive faecal samples. 1111 addition, clumps of acid-fast organisms indistinguishable from M. paratuberculosis were also observed iin three of 18 samples from cattle free from Johne's disease and in 18 of 37 culturally negative samples from paratuberculous cattle. When M. paratuberculosis organisms were added to faeces from an uninfected cow, results showed that isolation attempts should be positive when 15 or more M. paratuberculosis organisms per gram of faeces are present.