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Phytoparasitica - Tomato production in geothermal greenhouses in Tunisia showed remarkable growth during the last decade and has been considered an important economic sector within the Tunisian...  相似文献   
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Gluten extracted from fresh pasta by-products (PG) was enzymatically hydrolyzed by two different commercial proteases (Alcalase 2.4 L and Pancreatin) to different degrees of hydrolysis (DH 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0%). Commercial gluten (CG) was used as reference. The evaluation of functional properties of hydrolyzates from pasta gluten (PGH) and commercial gluten (CGH) showed that Pancreatin hydrolyzates had the highest emulsifying capacities. Regarding the foaming activity, all hydrolyzates performed better than unhydrolyzed gluten. PGH and CGH were added to wheat flour (1%) and their effects on dough rheology were studied. Most hydrolyzates with DH 8% increased dough thermal stability and elasticity during mixing, accelerated the denaturation rate of the protein network, and delayed the gelatinization speed of starch as the temperature increased. Texture profiles and specific volumes of breads from low quality wheat flour with added Pancreatin hydrolyzates (DH 8%) were comparable to those of breads from high quality flour. This showed the potential suitability of PGH and CGH as bread improvers.  相似文献   
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In this study, we report on the relationship between individual antioxidant carotenoids, phenolic fractions, and flavonoids and attenuating NaCl toxicity in two contrasting varieties of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., var. Verte and Romaine), as a means of developing more precise targets for lettuce breeding. In seedling leaves, carotenoid levels increased under NaCl stress in Verte, but remained unchanged in Romaine. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a soluble polyphenol abundantly present in leaves, was the only phenolic acid that accumulated significantly in both varieties and was predominant under salinity. Remarkably, CGA was more prominent in Verte than Romaine at moderate salinity levels (100 mM). Foliar flavonoid levels were also differentially increased in both seedling types grown under 100 mM NaCl, but dropped significantly in both varieties under 200 mM NaCl. Germination, which was overall more salt‐resistant in Romaine, was significantly increased under salt stress by application of low dosage (10–6 to10–5 M) of CGA to Verte, but not to Romaine. These results suggest that CGA is involved in modulating NaCl‐induced oxidative‐stress responses during seed germination in Verte.  相似文献   
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Exopolysaccharide (EPS) from marine microalgae are promising sources of a new generation of drugs. However, lot of them remain to be discovered and tested. In this study, EPS produced by Porphyridium marinum and its oligomers prepared by High Pressure Homogenizer have been tested for different biological activities, i.e., antibacterial, anti-fungal and antibiofilm activities on Candida albicans, as well as for their effects on the viability of murine breast cancer cells. Results have shown that all EPS samples present some biological activity. For antibacterial and antibiofilm activities, the native EPS exhibited a better efficiency with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) from 62.5 µg/mL to 1000 µg/mL depending on the bacterial strain. For Candida albicans, the biofilm formation was reduced by about 90% by using only a 31.3 µg/mL concentration. Concerning breast cancer cells, lower molar masses fractions appeared to be more efficient, with a reduction of viability of up to 55%. Finally, analyses of polymers composition and viscosity measurements were conducted on all samples, in order to propose hypotheses involving the activities caused by the intrinsic properties of polymers.  相似文献   
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Phytoparasitica - Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) have been considered serious pests infesting a wide range of host plants around the world, which has also been the case for citrus trees in...  相似文献   
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The ability of a noncommercial immobilized lipase from Staphylococcus xylosus (SXLi) to catalyze the transesterification of tyrosol and ethyl acetate was investigated. Response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effects of the temperature (40-60 degrees C), the enzyme amount (50-500 UI), and the ethyl acetate/hexane volume ratio (0.2-1) on the tyrosol acetylation conversion yield. Two independent replicates were carried out under the optimal conditions predicted by the model (reaction temperature 54 degrees C, enzyme amount 500 UI, and volume ratio ethyl acetate/hexane 0.2). The maximum conversion yield reached 95.36 +/- 3.6%, which agreed with the expected value (96.8 +/- 3.7%). The ester obtained was characterized by spectroscopic methods. Chemical acetylation of tyrosol was performed, and the products were separated using HPLC. Among the eluted products from HPLC, mono- and diacetylated derivatives were identified by positive mass spectrometry. Tyrosol and its monoacetylated derivative exert similar antiradicalar activity on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyle.  相似文献   
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The color (L*, a*, b* parameters), the total phenols content and the global chemical composition (moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrates and ash) of four fresh varieties of olive leaves (Chemlali, Chemchali, Zarrazi and Chetoui) were determined. Fresh olive leaves are characterized by a green color (greenness parameter, a*, varying from ?5.01 ± 0.26 to ?9.14 ± 1.21), an intermediate moisture content (0.85 to 1.00 g/g dry matter, i.e. 46 to 50 g/100 g fresh matter) and a variable amount of total phenols according to the olive leaf variety (from ≈2.32 to ≈1.40 g caffeic acid/100 g dry matter).Fresh leaves were submitted to blanching and/or infrared drying at 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C in order to be stabilized by reducing their moisture contents. The impact of IR drying temperature on some quality attributes (color, total phenols and moisture rate removal) was evaluated. Nevertheless, the effect of prior blanching treatment on the quality attributes of dried leaves is less significant and it depends on the olive leaf variety. The infrared drying induces a considerable moisture removal from the fresh leaves (more than 85%) and short drying durations (varying from ≈162 at 40 °C to 15 min at 70 °C). IR drying temperature showed a significant effect of on total phenols content and the color of the leaves whatever the leaf variety. In fact, total phenols content of dried olive leaves increased if compared to fresh ones. For example, total phenols of Chemlali leaves increased from 1.38 ± 0.02 (fresh leaves) to 2.13 ± 0.29 (dried at 40 °C) and to 5.14 ± 0.60 g caffeic acid/100 g dry matter (dried at 70 °C). IR drying allows preserving the greenness color of fresh leaves and enhancing their luminosity. It could be suggested for preserving olives leaves before their use in food or cosmetic applications.  相似文献   
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Seeds of lettuce, variety Romaine were subjected to different priming treatments such as water, potassium nitrate (KNO3) and gibberellic acid (GA3). Seedlings obtained from primed (Pr) and nonprimed (NP) seeds were grown in a hydroponic culture system supplemented with 0, 100 or 200 mM sodium chloride (NaCl). The different physiological and biochemical responses were studied 15 days after treatment. Under NaCl, the dry weight was higher in plants derived from hydro-primed (HP) seeds when compared to NP, osmoprimed (KNO3P), and hormonal primed (GA3P) ones. Under control and 100 mM NaCl treatment, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and EL did not show any correlation with activities of gaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT), but did with the increase in reduced ascorbate (AsA) and total ascorbate contents. The results indicated that plants derived from HP seeds exhibited higher adaptive potential under salinity stress. Our findings suggest that a hydropriming technique can be used as a simple commercial approach to alleviate the effects of NaCl induced stress in lettuce plants.  相似文献   
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