Development of multiple cutaneous and follicular neoplasms associated with canine papillomavirus type 3 in a dog

A 12‐year‐old spayed English pointer dog developed multiple skin lesions including pigmented viral plaques, basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas and trichoblastomas. Canine papillomavirus type 3 was detected in multiple lesions suggesting common aetiology.

     

Patterns and impacts of fish bycatch in a scallop dredge fishery

相似文献   

The Schmallenberg virus epidemic in Europe—2011–2013

During the Schmallenberg virus (SBV) epidemic, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) collected data on SBV occurrence across Europe in order to provide an assessment of spread and impact. By May 2013, twenty-nine countries were reporting to EFSA and twenty-two countries had reported cases of SBV. The total number of SBV herds reported was 13,846 and the number of SBV laboratory confirmed herds was 8730. The surveillance activities were based on the detection of SBV clinical cases (either adults or newborns). Malformation in newborns was the most commonly reported clinical sign of SBV-infection. All countries were able to provide the date when the first suspicion of SBV in the herd was reported and nineteen could report the location of the herd at a regional level. This allowed the spread of SBV in Europe to be measured both temporally and spatially. The number of SBV confirmed herds started to increase in December 2011 and two peaks were observed in 2012 (February and May). Confirmed herds continued to be reported in 2012 and into 2013. An increase during winter 2012 and spring 2013 was again observed, but the number of confirmed herds was lower than in the previous year. SBV spread rapidly throughout Europe from the initial area of detection. SBV was detected above the latitude of 60° North, which exceeds the northern expansion observed during the bluetongue virus serotype 8 epidemic in 2006–2009. The impact of SBV was calculated as ratio of the number of herds with at least one malformed SBV positive foetus and the total number of herds in this region. The 75th percentile of the malformations ratio in the various affected countries for the whole reporting period was below 1% and 3% for cattle and sheep herds, respectively. International data collection on emerging diseases represents a challenge as the nature of available data, data quality and the proportion of reported cases may vary widely between affected countries. Surveillance activities on emerging animal diseases are often structured only for case detection making the estimation of infection/diseases prevalence and the investigation of risk factors difficult. The impact of the disease must be determined to allow risk managers to take appropriate decisions. Simple within-herd impact indicators suitable for emerging disease outbreaks should be defined that could be measured as part of routine animal health surveillance programmes and allow for rapid and reliable impact assessment of emerging animal health diseases.     

Ciclosporin A therapy is associated with disturbances in glucose metabolism in dogs with atopic dermatitis

The effect of ciclosporin A (CsA) on glucose homeostasis was investigated in 16 dogs with atopic dermatitis by determining plasma glucose, serum fructosamine and insulin concentrations, and serial insulin and glucose concentrations following a glucagon stimulation test, before and 6 weeks after CsA therapy at 5 mg/kg once daily. All dogs completed the study. Following CsA treatment, the median serum fructosamine concentrations were significantly higher (pretreatment 227.5 μmol/L; post-treatment 246.5 μmol/L; P = 0.001; reference range 162-310 μmol/L). Based on analyses of the areas under concentration-time curves (AUC) pre- and post-CsA treatment, plasma glucose concentrations were significantly higher (AUC without baseline correction 31.0 mmol/L/min greater; P = 0.021) and serum insulin concentrations were significantly lower (AUC without baseline correction 217.1 μIU/mL/min lower; P = 0.044) following CsA treatment. Peak glucose concentrations after glucagon stimulation test were significantly higher following CsA treatment (10.75 versus 12.05 mmol/L; P = 0.021), but there was no significant difference in peak serum insulin (52.0 versus 35.0 μIU/mL; P = 0.052). There was a negative correlation between baseline uncorrected insulin AUC and trough serum log CsA concentrations (r = -0.70, P = 0.005). The administration of CsA to dogs with atopic dermatitis leads to disturbances in glucose homeostasis. The clinical significance of this is unclear, but it should be taken into account when considering CsA treatment in dogs that already have such impairments.     

Effects of temperature and time in transit on polymerase chain reaction detection of feline herpesvirus DNA.

The purpose of this study was to report methods currently recommended by commercial laboratories for collecting, shipping, and processing of samples for feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) testing using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to determine the effect of temperature and time on the ability of 1 PCR method to detect FHV-1 DNA in experimental and clinical samples. Eleven laboratories offering FHV-1 PCR were surveyed. There was notable variation in sample types and shipping conditions recommended and PCR protocols used by these laboratories. Subsequently, using a single PCR method, FHV-1 DNA was detected in samples exposed to various temperatures within the laboratory. Finally, FHV-1 PCR was performed on paired clinical samples collected from 25 cats and shipped at ambient temperatures via US Postal Service (USPS) or with an ice pack via a courier. Samples sent by USPS were exposed to significantly longer transit time and arrived at significantly higher temperature than did samples sent by courier. Despite this, all sample pairs yielded concordant results when tested for FHV-1 DNA using this PCR method. Although it may not be necessary for samples collected for detection of FHV-1 DNA using this PCR method to be shipped under the most expedient or temperature-controlled conditions, this should be verified for a variety of PCR assays and sample types.     

Antibody isotype profiles in serum and circulating antibody-secreting cells following mucosal and peripheral immunisations of sheep

The isotype-specific antibody responses of sheep immunised with keyhole limpet hemocyanin by a peripheral route (intramuscular (i.m.) injection) were compared to those induced by immunisation via different mucosal routes: (1) intra-nasal spray; (2) rectal deposition with cholera toxin; (3) injection into the mucosa of the small intestine or rectum. Antigen-specific IgG1 antibodies were induced in the i.m., intra-intestinal and intra-rectal injection groups and in a proportion of the cholera toxin immunised sheep, but not in the intra-nasal immunisation group. IgA was the only antibody isotype detected in serum collected from the intra-nasal immunisation group. No significant differences in serum IgA levels were detected in any of the mucosal immunisation groups as compared to the i.m. injection group. In contrast, analysis of the in vitro antibody profiles secreted by circulating antibody-secreting cells (ASC) revealed significantly higher IgA responses in the supernatants from all mucosal immunisation groups. This suggests that the measurement of antibodies secreted by circulating ASCs may be a better correlate of local mucosal responses in ruminants, as has been previously demonstrated in human studies. In addition to IgG1 and IgA responses, immunisation by direct injection of antigen formulations into the intestinal and rectal mucosa were the only groups to induce consistently high IgG2 antibodies in serum and ASC cultures.