Seroprevalence of porcine and human influenza A virus antibodies in pigs between 1986 and 1988 in Hassia

1,268 sera collected from slaughtered pigs in Hassia (FRG) from 1986 to 1988 were tested for antibodies against porcine and human influenza A virus strains using the single radial haemolysis test (SRHT). Antibodies against the porcine strains (subtype H1N1) A/Swine/Arnsberg/1/81, A/Swine/Iowa/15/30 and A/New Jersey/7/76 were detected in 411 (32.4%), 318 (25.1%) and 304 (24.0%) of sera, respectively. Up to 1988 a slight increase (10%) in the seroprevalence to A/Swine/Arnsberg/1/81 was noticed, whereas the results obtained with the other strains showed little variation. Antibodies against the human H1N1 strain A/Singapore/6/86 were only found in sera collected 1987 and 1988 in rates of 1.6% and 3.0%. Serological indication of infections with the human H3N2 strains A/Victoria/1/75, A/Hong Kong/1/68 and A/Philippines/2/82 could be shown in 286 (22.6%), 178 (14.4%) and 135 (10.6%) of the serum samples. Within the three year period the rate of sera positive for antibodies against A/Philippines/2/82 increased from 6.5% to 23.0%, whereas no variation in the rates were found using the other H3N2 strains. Antibodies simultaneously against porcine (H1N1) and human (H3N2) virus strains were detected in 9.9% of all sera tested.     

中国的枸橼

枸橼在我国有11个类型(变种、品种或杂种),根据它们的地理分布和植物学性状,认为枸橼的原发中心在云南的西南部和西部;野生的沧源香橼是枸橼的原始类型,由其演化为小香橼、小果香橼和栽培的大香橼等;佛手是由枸橙演化而来。     

活鱼运输实用技术

随着以垂钓为主的休闲渔业的迅猛发展,淡水活鱼运输发生了根本变化：第一,运输量大大增加;第二,运输季节由以春秋运输为主变为盛夏也运输;第三,运输规格由以运输鱼种为主变为以运输成品鱼为主。但是,现有常用淡水活鱼运输设备变化不大,所以,运输过程中死鱼事故时有发生。     

Progress in roles of MNX1 antisense RNA 1 in malignant tumor

MNX1 antisense RNA 1 （MNX1-AS1） is a newly discovered long non-coding RNA （lncRNA）, which is highly dysregulated in various carcinomas and its expression level is closely related to the overall survival and prognosis of patients. MNX1-AS1 regulates the occurrence and development of carcinomas by endogenous competitive adsorption of miRNA, regulating cell cycle, inducing epithelial mesenchymal transformation and activating multiple signaling pathways. The in-depth study of the carcinogenesis of MNX1-AS1 is useful for the early diagnosis, targeted therapy and prognostic assessment of relevant carcinomas. This article reviews the roles of MNX1-AS1 in malignant tumor.     

桃的电特性及新鲜度识别

为了解采后果品电特性变化机理,并探索基于电特性识别果品品质的方法,研究了桃采后电特性和生理特性的变化。结果表明,随着桃新鲜度下降,相对介电常数呈余弦规律变化,损耗角正切逐渐减小,呼吸高峰时相对介电常数最大。分析了电特性变化的原因,进而建立了采后桃电特性与生理特性之间的关系模型。以相对介电常数和损耗角正切为输入特征参数,应用BP神经网络技术识别桃的新鲜度等级,平均识别率为82％。     

薄壁封闭环磨削回弹的建模与数值研究

提出了卡环制造过程中磨削回弹的计算模型。根据卡环的精度和啮合力要求,设计了特殊制造工艺。考虑弯曲残余应力,对磨削工序进行力学分析,提出了磨削回弹弯矩、磨削回弹后搭叠长度和啮合力变化的计算模型;开发了卡环制造辅助工艺系统——Shuttle,对卡环磨削工序进行了模拟,并结合实验讨论了磨削前后曲率半径、啮合力和搭叠长度随余量的变化规律。研究表明：随着磨削余量的增加,试样磨削前的啮合力增加,而磨削回弹后的啮合力呈下降趋势;试样磨削前后的搭叠长度均呈下降趋势,并且试样截面惯性矩越大,磨削回弹后试样的搭叠长度下降速度越慢;在各工序阶段,试样的曲率半径有不同程度的增加。     

白枸杞瘤螨的虫瘿特点、分布及对枸杞的危害

本文调查了内蒙古托克托县白枸杞瘤螨为害引起的虫瘿在枸杞植株不同方向枝条,不同相对位置枝条,同一枝条上不同部位叶片上的分布,及螨虫对枸杞叶片和果实造成的为害。结果表明,白枸杞瘤螨有较重为害西北方向枝条的倾向。枸杞生长中后期,虫瘿的分布多集中在植株的上、中部和枝条端部的嫩叶上。白枸杞瘤螨为害形成的虫瘿直径在1~7.5mm之间,不同大小虫瘿出现的频率呈正态分布,直径2~4mm的虫瘿占绝大多数。虫瘿直径与其内活螨数量有一定的相关性,虫瘿直径小于4mm时,直径与其内活螨数量呈正相关趋势;直径大于4mm时,呈负相关。受害叶的叶长、叶宽、叶面积及果实的纵径、横径、重量均显著减小,受害叶的叶长、叶宽约为正常叶的3/4,叶面积约为正常叶面积的1/2,干果重量减少11.5%。     

A dynamic model simulating infection of apple leaves by Venturia inaequalis

A new dynamic model of the infection of apple leaves by Venturia inaequalis is described. The model begins with the release of spores by rain and incorporates the effect of light on the discharge of ascospores from pseudothecia. The model then simulates infection through the sub-processes of germination, appressorium formation and penetration, separately for ascospores and conidia landed concurrently on wet leaves. The rate of the infection process is determined using different equations for ascospores and conidia. Spore mortality when leaves dry is determined by the stage of infection and RH in the dry period. The infection process is driven by surface wetness, temperature and RH. The progress of each infection period is measured as infection efficiency (IE), namely the percentage of landed spores which have penetrated and thereby infected leaves. The final IE quantifies the favourability of weather in each infection period. In orchard tests in each of three years, the new model detected crucial infection periods in spring and early summer which accounted for outbreaks of leaf scab. These periods were not detected by a static model based on Mills'criteria. The models performed similarly in detecting infection periods later in summer.     

苏云金芽孢杆菌营养期杀虫蛋白Vips研究进展

苏云金芽孢杆菌Bt营养期杀虫蛋白Vips主要分为Vip1、Vip2和Vip33种。Vip1和Vip2构成二元毒素,对叶甲科昆虫具有特异杀虫活性。Vip3对鳞翅目昆虫具有广谱杀虫活性,该蛋白广泛存在于Bt中,与已知杀虫晶体蛋白ICPs没有序列相似性。Vip3通过诱发细胞凋亡,最终导致昆虫死亡,这与Btδ-内毒素的作用机理完全不同,Vips的发现对于Bt的进一步开发利用具有重要意义。本文主要对营养期杀虫蛋白Vips的分布、特性、作用机制及应用等进行报道。