Callus formation and cucurbitacin B accumulation in Ecballium elaterium callus cultures

Ecballium elaterium fruit juice is used for the treatment of sinusitis in Turkish folk medicine. The aim of this study was to increase the yield of cucurbitacin B, an anti-inflammatory compound previously isolated in various organs of E. elaterium, through tissue culture techniques. Higher yields of cucurbitacin B (1.126%) were obtained from the first subculture calluses from stem nodes in the presence of benzyl adenine (BA; 1 mg/l) and naphtalene acetic acid (NAA; 0.1 mg/l) in comparison with the yields obtained from plant material (0.01%).     

Evaluation of perennial wild <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cicer</Emphasis> species for drought resistance

About 90% of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the world is grown under rainfed conditions where drought is one of the major constraints limiting its productivity. Unlike the cultivated chickpea, wild Cicer species possesses sources of resistance to multiple stresses; we therefore evaluated perennial wild Cicer species for resistance to drought. C. anatolicum, C. microphyllum, C. montbretii, C. oxydon and C. songaricum were compared with special checks; C. echinospermum, C. pinnatifidum and C. reticulatum and five cultivated chickpeas. After the cultivated chickpeas were killed, accessions were evaluated using a 1–5 scale, where 1 = highly drought resistant (no visible drought effect and full recovery after three successive wiltings) and 5 = highly drought susceptible (leaves and branches dried out, no recovery at all). All accessions of perennial wild Cicer species were significantly superior to those annual wild species and the cultivated chickpeas including the best drought tolerant chickpea, ICC 4958 under drought conditions. Perennial wild Cicer species did not only recover after wilting and drying out above ground level, they also tolerated high temperatures up to 41.8°C. But, they do not cross with the cultivated chickpeas. C. anatolicum should be taken account in long term breeding programs because it has closer affinities to the first crossability group than the others.     

不同覆盖物对果树越冬的保温作用

在克拉玛依市乌尔禾区,于2006～2007年冬季,采用不同覆盖材料,进行了黑塑料布、双膜彩条布、单膜彩条布和紧贴式双层塑料布覆盖下的最低温度和温差的逐日观测,以减轻果树越冬掩埋的劳动强度。结果表明:最低气温平均值是黑塑料布-5.9℃,双膜彩条布-7.3℃,单膜彩条布-9.3℃,紧贴式双层-6.6℃,裸露的气温-17.9℃。温差平均值是黑塑料布-2.8℃,双膜彩条布-2.6℃,单膜彩条布-4.8℃,紧贴式双层-3.7℃,裸露的气温-10.0℃。试验表明,黑塑料布的保温效果好,温差也小。单膜彩条布的保温效果最差,温差也最大,有转暖乍冷的不良影响。紧贴式双层塑料布的保温效果因为与单层黑塑料布相同,并且多浪费一层覆盖材料和多费工时而被否定。     

Evaluation of annual wild <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cicer</Emphasis> species for drought and heat resistance under field conditions

About 90% of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the world is grown under rainfed conditions where it is subjected to drought and heat stress. Unlike the cultivated chickpea, annual wild Cicer species possess sources of resistance to multiple stress; annual wild Cicer species were therefore evaluated for resistance to drought and heat stress. Eight annual wild Cicer species (Cicer bijugum, C. chorassanicum, C. cuneatum, C. echinospermum, C. judaicum, C. pinnatifidum, C. reticulatum, and C. yamashitae) were compared with special checks, the cvs ICC 4958 and FLIP 87-59C (drought resistant) and ICCV 96029 (very early double-podded). ILC 3279 and 8617 as drought susceptible checks were sown after every 10 test lines. Yield losses due to drought and heat stress in some accessions and susceptible checks (ILC 3279 and ILC 8617) reached 100%. Accessions were evaluated for drought and heat resistance on a 1 (free from drought and heat damage)−9 (100% plant killed from drought and heat) visual scale. Four accessions of C. reticulatum and one accession of C. pinnatifidum were found to be as resistant to drought and heat stress (up to 41.8°C) as the best checks. C. reticulatum should be taken account in short term breeding programs since it can be crossed with the cultivated chickpea.     

Compositions and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of two Hypericum species from Turkey

The chemical compositions of essential oils obtained from Hypericum hyssopifolium var. microcalycinum and Hypericum lysimachioides var. lysimachioides were analysed by using GC and GC-MS. Caryophyllene oxide was found to be the major component. The essential oils of both Hypericum species showed antimicrobial activity against nine microorganism at a concentration of 60 to 80 microg/ml.     

Screening and selection of faba beans (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vicia faba</Emphasis> L.) for cold tolerance and comparison to wild relatives

Since autumn-sown faba beans possess several advantages including higher seed yield over the spring cultivars, the study was aimed to screen and select cold tolerant accessions of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) and compare these to wild species in the highland of the west Mediterranean region, Turkey. A total of 114 accessions of Vicia species including 109 accessions of faba bean, three accessions of narbon bean (V. narbonensis L.) and two accessions of V. montbretii Fisch. et C.A. Mey. were screened for cold tolerance at seedling stage in two successive years, 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 growth seasons. Accessions were evaluated for cold tolerance using a 1 (Highly cold tolerant)-5 (Highly cold susceptible) visual scale. Considerable variation was found for cold tolerance and some agronomical characteristics in faba beans. Wild relatives of faba bean were found to be more tolerant to cold than those of cultivated faba beans. Although some pigmented accessions were free from freezing damage at −9.6°C without snow cover, accessions with white flowers were damaged. The proposed screening technique could easily be used to evaluate many faba bean accessions for cold tolerance. To increase yield, it was concluded that the cold tolerant accessions with high yield could be grown as autumn-sown crop in the target environment.     

INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO IRON DEFICIENCY CHLOROSIS IN CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.)

Iron (Fe)-deficiency chlorosis causes considerable yield losses in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) when susceptible genotypes are grown in calcareous soils with high pH. The most feasible method for alleviating Fe deficiency is the selection of suitable cultivars resistant to Fe deficiency chlorosis. ICC 6119 (desi type), which is Fe-deficient chlorosis, was crossed with CA 2969 and Sierra (kabuli types), resistant to Fe deficiency chlorosis. Inheritance of resistance to Fe deficiency in chickpea revealed that the resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene in these genotypes crossed. A negative selection for resistance to Fe deficiency chlorosis will be effective after segregating generations.     

用抗虫体表膜抗原抗体测定犬细粒棘球绦虫粪抗原

利用Echinococcus granulosus(Eg)成虫表膜抗原抗体夹心ELISA方法检测犬细粒棘球绦虫感染的粪抗原.首先提取Eg成虫表膜抗原,制备抗Eg成虫表膜抗原的血清,然后用间接ELISA和Western blotting方法检测其抗原抗体反应及免疫原性,用间接免疫组化方法对Eg成虫表膜蛋白进行组织定位.利...     

基于多时相双极化SAR数据的作物种植面积提取

及时准确地获取农作物的空间分布信息和种植面积,在农业生产管理与农业政策的制定等斱面具有非常重要的作用。本文以多时相Sentinel-1A影像(4月17日、5月5日、6月16日、7月22日、8月27日、9月2日)为主要数据源,根据研究区作物的物候特征,提取棉花、玉米和果树在不同生长期的后向散射系数(Sigma)和归一化后向散射系数(Gamma)。通过对作物不同极化、不同时相后向散射系数的统计,建立散射特征时序变化曲线,幵分析其特征。利用人工神经网络(Artificial neural network)、支持向量机(Support vector machine)和随机森林(Random forest) 3种分类斱法对研究区的主要农作物迚行分类识别以及种植面积提取,幵对分类结果对比分析和验证。结果表明, 1)棉花的后向散射系数在6月现蕾期和7月开花期明显上升,8月仹达最高值,变化特征最明显,易与其他作物区分;玉米和果树的后向散射系数在9月仹与其他地物之间表现出显著差异。2)相较于神经网络和支持向量机,随机森林的分类效果最好,总体精度达88.97%。其中,对棉花和果园的分类精度为90.88%和...     

两种沙枣树的流胶量及地理差异

沙枣和大果沙枣无论是成林还是幼林,沙枣的流胶率和流胶量都要低于大果沙枣。生长在暖温带南疆的沙枣,流胶虽然低于寒冷的中温带北疆,但流胶量却大于北疆。虽然沙枣成林的数量巨大,但因缺乏产品型的产业替代进口的阿拉伯胶,要做到从单林转换到资源林的位置上来还需努力。