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1.
Asrat Asfaw Gebremedhen Woldegiorgis Semagn A. Kolech Gedif Mulugeta Dinka Mulugeta Abigail Ngugi 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2018,68(7):596-607
Micronutrient deficiencies in diets, including iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), are an important public health problem across population in Ethiopia. Potato is a modest source of dietary nutrients. The purpose of this study was to assess the mineral (Fe & Zn) composition of potato germplasm in Ethiopia and grower's willingness to try new potato types. The Fe and Zn contents were assessed in peeled tubers of popular farmer varieties, and newly introduced Andean diploid group Phureja accessions and improved tetraploid clones grown in multi-location trials. Grower's preferences for the new potato types was assessed using a participatory approach. Significant variations in mineral and tuber yield traits exist among the germplasm assessed and broad-sense heritability appears to be high for most traits measured, suggesting that progress through breeding can be made among these materials. However, the slightly negative correlation of tuber yield with Fe and Zn content and user appreciation traits found in this study suggests that progress in improving crops for yield and enhanced Fe and Zn concentrations with end-user acceptable quality will be challenging. The results from this study provide baseline information on Fe and Zn composition of many popular farmer varieties in Ethiopia and end-user preference criteria for evaluating new potato varieties that would help to orient the biofortification breeding to the conditions and preference of farmers. 相似文献
2.
Peter R. Gildemacher Wachira Kaguongo Oscar Ortiz Agajie Tesfaye Gebremedhin Woldegiorgis William W. Wagoire Rogers Kakuhenzire Peter M. Kinyae Moses Nyongesa Paul C. Struik Cees Leeuwis 《Potato Research》2009,52(2):173-205
Increased productivity of potatoes can improve the livelihood of smallholder potato farmers in Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia
and is required to meet the growing demand. This paper investigates the opportunities for potato system improvement that could
result in improved productivity. Through a diagnosis of the potato systems in the three countries on the basis of surveys
and stakeholder workshops, seed potato quality management, bacterial wilt control, late blight control and soil fertility
management were identified as key technical intervention topics. For effective problem solving in these areas, the functioning
of the potato innovation system requires improvement to better deliver the functions of potato marketing as well as knowledge
development and information exchange. With use of a ‘system failure framework’ the shortcomings of the potato innovation system
are identified and discussed and options for improvement are suggested. 相似文献
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4.
Abstract This paper examines the relationship between quality of life, rural development, and several socioeconomic variables. The analysis utilizes data obtained from a survey questionnaire administered to a random sample of more than 2,000 residents in West Virginia, and spatial data obtained by geocoding the survey respondents’ addressees. Quality of life is measured by a three‐point categorical measure of overall satisfaction, and development is measured by a goods and services availability index. A simultaneous ordered probit model is used to examine the relationships. The empirical results are consistent with the theoretical predictions and indicate a simultaneous relationship between quality of life satisfaction and rural development. 相似文献
5.
A study was carried out to estimate the prevalence, larval burden and risk factors of ovine and caprine oestrosis from December
2007 to May 2008 on 554 heads of randomly selected sheep and goat slaughtered at Ambo town, Western Shoa, Ethiopia. The results
show an overall prevalence of 59.9% with infection rate of 69.8% and 47.3% in sheep and goats respectively. No statistically
significant difference in the prevalence was noted with regard to the assumed risk factors like sex, nose color, face color,
horned versus polled, origin, and months (p > 0.05). Sheep were nearly twice more likely to be infected as compared to goats (p = 0.0001, odds ratio (OR) = 1.975). Age of the animals was found to be protective (OR = 0.579; 95% confidence interval = 0.393,
0.853; p = 0.006). As compared to very fat animals, poor (p = 0.040, OR = 4.834), medium (p = 0.049, OR = 4.198), and fat (p = 0.022, OR = 5.795) body condition animals are more likely to be infected by Oestrus ovis larvae. Nasal and sinus cavity pathology is positively correlated with the total larval count (r = 0.56, p < 0.0001). Out of a total of 3,770 larvae collected, 57.5% were L1, 30.8% L2, and 11.7% L3 larvae. All the three larval instars
were seen throughout the study months. It is concluded that oestrosis is a common problem in the study area and more prevalent
in sheep than goats, in adult than young, and in animals with poor body condition. 相似文献
6.
Hiwet Gebremedhin Girmay Gebresamual Nigussie Abadi Kassa Teka Shimbahri Mesfin 《Arid Land Research and Management》2018,32(2):236-252
With rapid population growth and absence of agricultural intensification, smallholders need more land to grow crops. This resulted in communal grazing land conversion to cultivated land. This study, therefore, aimed at exploring the magnitude of communal grazing land conversion and its influence on soil properties and vegetation cover change. Ecological time line approach was used to measure the magnitude of change. Plants and soil samples were taken from open grazing land, seasonal grazing land, 6 years old cultivated land, 16 years old cultivated land and 20 years old cultivated land. Moreover, 95 respondents were selected to assess their perception on the subject. Data were analyzed using statistical analysis system software. Results showed that grazing land declined by 41.88%, while cultivated land increased by 56.80% in the years between 1992 and 2012. Plant attributes showed significant (P?0.05) difference among land cover types with highest value on grazing land. Soil properties differed significantly among land cover types. Both grazing land types resulted in higher percentage of sand and silt contents compared to areas cultivated for the last 16 and 20 years. Significantly (P?0.05) lower bulk density was recorded on grazing land compared to all cultivated lands. The values of soil chemical properties such as electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were higher on grazing land compared to all cultivated lands. It can be concluded that conversion of grass land to cultivated land influenced soil properties and vegetation cover negatively. 相似文献
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Kassaye Aragaw Berhanu Sibhat Gelagay Ayelet Eystein Skjerve Endrias Z. Gebremedhin Kassahun Asmare 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(8):1821-1827
This work was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence, to identify potential factors that influence seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and to investigate the association between BVDV serostatus and occurrence of reproductive disorders in dairy cattle in three milksheds in Ethiopia. A total of 1379 serum samples were obtained from cattle randomly selected from 149 herds from three milksheds representing central, southern, and western Ethiopia. Sera samples were examined for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) antibodies using commercial competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate associations between risk factors and the risk of BVDV seroprevalence, and BVDV serostatus and reproductive disorders. Seroreaction to BVDV antigens was detected in 32.6% of the 1379 cattle and 69.8% of the 149 herds sampled. Factors associated with BVDV seroplevalence were age, breed, and herd size (P?<?0.05). Adult cattle ≥?18 months old had 2.1 (95% CI 1.5, 3.1) times the odds of BVDV seroreaction than younger cattle. Holstein-Friesian (HF) local crosses (OR?=?2.1, 95% CI 1.3, 3.4) and HFs (OR?=?1.3, 95% CI 0.9, 1.9) were more likely to be seropositive than Jersey and the odds of seropositivity in cattle in large herds with 11 or more animals were higher (OR?=?1.8, 95% CI 1.3, 2.5) than the odds of BVDV seropositivity in smaller herds. Seroprevalence was not associated with geographical region (P?>?0.05). Risk of reproductive disorders was not affected by BVDV serostatus, except for repeat breeding (P?>?0.05). The present study demonstrated that BVDV has wide distribution in the country being detected in all the 15 conurbations and 69.8% of herds involved in the study. 相似文献
8.
Abraham Mekibeb Getaneh Endrias Zewdu Gebremedhin 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(4):697-705
Mastitis is among the most prevalent disease that contributes for the reduction of milk production in dairy herds. Although several published studies have estimated the prevalence of mastitis, variation among studies is great. The objective of the present meta-analysis was to provide a pooled estimate of the prevalence of overall, clinical, and subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle in Ethiopia. A pooled estimate was also conducted by potential risk factors. The literature search was restricted to studies published in English language from January 2002 to June 2016. Meta-analysis of 39 studies was done under random effects model using metafor package in R software. The pooled estimate of the overall prevalence of mastitis on cow-basis was found to be 47.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]?=?42.0, 52.0). The pooled prevalence with the 95% CI for clinical and subclinical mastitis was 8.3% (95% CI?=?6.5, 10.3) and 37% (95% CI?=?32.9, 40.7) respectively. There is a statistically significant and high heterogeneity of the prevalence estimates between published studies. The odds of occurrence of mastitis were higher in cows at early (odds ratio [OR]?=?1.6; 95% CI?=?1.4, 1.8) and late lactation (OR?=?1.3; 95% CI?=?1.2, 1.5) than mid lactation, in cows with 3–4 (OR?=?1.5; 95% CI?=?1.4, 1.7) and >4 parity number (OR?=?2.9; 95% CI?=?2.6, 3.4) than those with 1–2 parity number. Previous history of mastitis, floor type, milking hygiene, and udder injury had also statistically significant effect on pooled prevalence of mastitis (P?<?0.05). The present study reported that there is high prevalence of mastitis in dairy cows in Ethiopia, which could contribute to the low productivity in lactating cows. The statistically significant association of risk factors such as floor type, milking hygiene, and presence of udder injury with mastitis may suggest that dairy farmers can reduce the occurrence of the disease by improving their management practices. 相似文献
9.
Does communal forest intervention management enhance forest benefits of smallholder farmers? Evidence from Hugumbirda forest,Tigray, Ethiopia 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Gidey Kidu Bereket Gebremedhin Emiru Birhane Habtemariam Kassa 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2017,36(3):264-276
Forest rehabilitation activities within centrally controlled state-owned forests in Ethiopia could not deliver communities with increased income. A study aiming to assess the benefits of forests for smallholder farmers whose land falls close to the state forest was conducted in Hugumbirda and Endedo kebele, two villages located adjacent to the Hugumbirda forest. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 251 randomly selected households living near or adjacent to the state forest. A logit model was used to analyze factors affecting household’s willingness to scale up forests at the communal level. Most of the respondents living near or adjacent to the national forest were found to be dependent on the forest for fuelwood and therefore energy, timber products, and farming equipment. Furthermore, households were found to perceive that communal intervention management is a significant factor in attempts to further scale up forests. Scale-up of forests at the community was one option to enhance the vegetation cover and therefore increase primary production by promoting infiltration and decrease evaporation and runoff water. Finally farmers have suggested the state forest should be devolved to the community to improve the current level of forest contributions to the livelihood of smallholder farmers. 相似文献
10.
Endrias Zewdu Gebremedhin Gebregergs Tesfamaryam Reta Duguma Getachew Tilahun Vincenzo Di Marco Maria Vitale 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2014,56(1)