Preparation and properties of pineapple leaf fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid) green composites

Green composites from Pattawia pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were prepared. The mechanical method was chosen to extract PALF from fresh leaves due to this method gave high yield of fiber, short extraction time, and environmental friendly. Tensile and thermal properties, together with morphology of the fibers were disclosed. The fibers were conducted into a specified length of 1–3 mm and blended with PLA, using a twin screw extruder, with the PALF content of 10–50 wt%. Tensile testing, morphology investigation and thermogravimetric analysis were applied. Preliminary results showed that tensile modulus of the composites depended on PALF content. The tensile modulus and elongation at break of the composite containing 40 % PALF was about 48 %, and 111 % increase, respectively, compared with that of PLA. With addition of maleic anhydride coupling agent, such the composite showed the tensile modulus of 5.1 GPa, which was 34 % higher than that of the non-coupling agent composite, and about 104 % higher than that of PLA. Although the elongation at break of the composite containing 40 % PALF was found to dramatically increase by 111 %, the introduction of maleic anhydride in such the composite caused only 57 % increase in the elongation at break compared with that of PLA. Finally, a pilot product of square boxes was produced successfully from the proposed composite, by conventional injection molding process.