塑料温室内的雾滴沉积分布研究

为了开发设施农业病虫害防治的常温烟雾施药技术，在密闭温室内进行了常温烟雾喷雾雾滴沉积试验，对4种机型、3种温室的试验结果作了分析比较，从而探讨了雾滴粒径与沉积密度的相关关系，喷射部件上设置的轴流风机对雾滴分布均匀性的提升作用，作物不同部位的雾滴沉积差异，并推导出施药时喷雾量的测算方法。     

二相流喷雾技术的研究

为了探索设施农业病虫害防治新的施药方法，该文对气液二相流喷雾作了雾化性能与药液物理特性相关性试验，得到了空气压强与气流量、喷雾量、雾滴直径、有效功率、吸液高度、喷口空气过流面积等诸参数之间相互关系，明确了药液粘性和表面张力对雾滴直径、喷雾量的影响程度，其结果为设计二相流喷头提供了依据。     

一种新型环保节水施药技术——常温烟雾施药技术

设施农业病虫害问题日趋严重,发生的规律和特点不同于露地栽培,迫切需要新的施药技术和机具。常温烟雾施药技术及机具主要应用于设施农业的农药喷洒,以防治病虫害;同时,在畜场禽舍及仓库的卫生消毒、蘑菇栽培、叶面施肥等场合也有广阔的应用前景。除农业用途之外,还可扩展到工业水雾降温、增湿,以及宾馆、医院、游乐场所的卫生防疫和杀虫消毒等领域。     

In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of 183 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from dogs to selected antipseudomonal agents

During the years from 1993 to 2000, 183 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from different pathological specimens originating from dogs. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns against 10 antipseudomonal agents were obtained on 183 P. aeruginosa strains. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer). Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles showed that among beta-lactam antibiotics, imipenem was the most active compound. Out of the 183 strains tested, 96.7% were sensitive to imipenem. Cefoperazone showed good in vitro activity against 86.9% of the tested strains. Against ceftazidime, 77.0% of strains showed sensitivity. An old penicillin, carbenicillin, gave only 71.6% sensitive strains. Sensitivity to amikacin was 87.4% and it was 83.1% to gentamicin. Pipimedic acid, a first-generation quinolone, was the least active compound of all those tested, 47.0% were resistant. The in vitro sensitivity against enrofloxacin showed that 71.0% strains were sensitive and 26.2% showed resistance. Almost all strains tested, 93.4%, were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and marbofloxacin. Besides imipenem, the quinolone antibiotics, marbofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were the most effective against P. aeruginosa strains isolated from dogs.     

密闭空间药雾浓度测量的试验方法研究

运用改进后的大气采样器，建立了一种对密闭空间细雾流分批采样分批分析的研究方法。对于采样参数组合的选取以及双侧采样的空间差异性进行了研究和统计判断，得出了最佳采样参数组合为采样时间5min，采气量5L／min。基于最佳采样参数组合，发现沉降曲线中存在分段点现象，分段点在喷雾结束后13min，也即开始喷雾后27min附近。针对分段点现象，给出了分段拟合的细雾流浓度沉降曲线及解析描述。采用改进的大气采样器可以获取喷雾结束后79rnin内的浓度数据，文献[13]中所用的采样方法只能得到喷雾结束后45min左右的浓度数据，因此该方法对药雾浓度沉降曲线的尾部特征描述能提供更多的信息。     

Distribution and characterization of class 1 integrons in Salmonella enterica serotype Gallinarum biotype Gallinarum

Fowl typhoid caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Gallinarum biotype Gallinarum is the most important chicken disease in Korea. Due to appearance of new or multiple antibiotics resistances in the recently isolated strains, it was difficult to control the disease using antibiotics in our country. Therefore, the prevalence and genetic contents of class 1 integrons in biotype Gallinarum isolated between 1992 and 2001 were investigated by PCR and direct sequencing, respectively. Out of 90 strains, 35 (39%) carried class 1 integrons. The 1.0, 1.6 and 2.0kbp amplicons were amplified in 32 strains (36%), 2 strains (2%) and 1 strain (1%), respectively. The 1.0, 1.6 and 2.0 kbp amplicons contained one (aadA1a), two (aadB-aadA1b) and three cassettes (dhfrXII-orfF-aadA2), respectively, providing resistances against aminoglycosides (aadA1a, aadA1b, aadB, and aadA2) and trimethoprim (dhfrXII). The integron-carrying strains of biotype Gallinarum appeared in 1996 and acquired additional cassettes in 2000. Although the resistances to ampicillin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol are unrelated to class 1 integrons, relatively high prevalence of integron in biotype Gallinarum may be a dormant threat to the chemotherapy of the disease in the near future because of potency to acquire additional antibiotics resistances.     

药雾浓度沉降曲线拟合方法的试验)(简报)

为了解温室大棚等密闭空间喷雾后的药雾浓度衰减规律,该文以常温烟雾机在棚室中喷雾后的药雾浓度为研究对象,针对D.K.Giles的药雾浓度沉降曲线拟合方法进行了改进,相对于老方法将采样时间段内获得的药雾浓度值置于中间时刻点进行拟合,新方法将该值分别对应于该时间段内3个不同时刻点进行拟合分析。新方法同时还建立了比较曲线拟合优劣的一种工程判据,据此判据得出在5 min的采样时间段条件下,将采样数据作为该采样时间段内第2 min时刻点的药雾浓度值,然后进行拟合,所得药物总质量和实际施用药物总质量相对误差最小,仅为1.6%。研究还表明,在浓度沉降过程中,某一采样周期内的浓度值主要由这一时间段的前段采样所贡献。     

武功山山地草甸生态恢复技术研究

武功山草甸是我国南方亚热带地区极具代表性的山地草甸,近年来由于自然和人为因素干扰,尤其是旅游业的发展,使得局部区域岩石裸露,生物多样性降低.因此,本文以武功山退化草甸为研究对象,通过对不同退化草甸类型进行划分,采用恢复生态学的理论和方法进行生态恢复,旨在为武功山山地草甸生态旅游和可持续发展提供科学依据.结果发现:重度退化草甸恢复技术采用客土后种植芒和毛秆野古草,并用无纺布覆盖的效果较好;中度退化的草甸采用植草技术种植芒和毛秆野古草恢复效果较好;轻度退化草甸用芒与毛秆野古草块状混交种植后,再种植两歧飘拂草、艾、紫萼、前胡等伴生草种恢复效果较好.     

基于高速图像的雾滴尺寸分布统计与运动分析

针对植保机械雾滴尺寸分布统计及运动分析方法存在的不足,提出了利用高速摄像机结合数字图像处理技术对雾化场的空间雾滴尺寸分布和雾滴的运动进行分析的方法。实现了空间雾滴尺寸分布的快速统计分析,避免了对雾化场的干扰。利用图像序列中的时间差信息对雾滴在水平和垂直方向上的速率进行了分析,为进一步分析雾滴的沉降及漂移特性提供了有效方法。