河南天峨警犬追获"7·23"血案凶手

2008年7月25日,河南省天峨县公安局使用警犬追踪协助东兰县公安局进行深山围捕,直接抓获轰动一时的"7·23"血案凶手韦某某,此时距案发时间仅35小时。7月23日凌晨1时许,东兰县城内发生一起持刀杀人案件,犯罪嫌疑人行凶后开车潜逃。经调查得知,犯罪嫌疑人韦某某经营个体生意,案发前与被害人酒后发生口角,既而发展成持刀杀人。犯罪嫌疑人逃跑时,由于不熟悉道路,驾车行驶到东兰镇罗里村一条路的尽头,     

Activity measurements of Ni2+ in soils

Nickel activities were measured in 11 alkaline and slightly acidic soils using the chelate method. The measured activities ranged from 10^?6.82 to 10^?8.78 M and were inversely related to the pH of the soils. The measured Ni²⁺ activities in the 11 soils could be predicted using the following expression: (Ni²⁺) = 10^6.95 (H⁺)². The solubility of Ni was plotted on a log (Ni²⁺) vs. pH solubility diagram for various Ni solid phase compounds. It is most likely that NiFe₂O₄ (trevorite) is the solid phase controlling Ni solubility in these soils. Identification of the presence of this mineral needs further investigation.     

24(S)-Saringosterol Prevents Cognitive Decline in a Mouse Model for Alzheimer’s Disease

We recently found that dietary supplementation with the seaweed Sargassum fusiforme, containing the preferential LXRβ-agonist 24(S)-saringosterol, prevented memory decline and reduced amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mouse model without inducing hepatic steatosis. Here, we examined the effects of 24(S)-saringosterol as a food additive on cognition and neuropathology in AD mice. Six-month-old male APPswePS1ΔE9 mice and wildtype C57BL/6J littermates received 24(S)-saringosterol (0.5 mg/25 g body weight/day) (APPswePS1ΔE9 n = 20; C57BL/6J n = 19) or vehicle (APPswePS1ΔE9 n = 17; C57BL/6J n = 19) for 10 weeks. Cognition was assessed using object recognition and object location tasks. Sterols were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Aβ and inflammatory markers by immunohistochemistry, and gene expression by quantitative real-time PCR. Hepatic lipids were quantified after Oil-Red-O staining. Administration of 24(S)-saringosterol prevented cognitive decline in APPswePS1ΔE9 mice without affecting the Aβ plaque load. Moreover, 24(S)-saringosterol prevented the increase in the inflammatory marker Iba1 in the cortex of APPswePS1ΔE9 mice (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 24(S)-saringosterol did not affect the expression of lipid metabolism-related LXR-response genes in the hippocampus nor the hepatic neutral lipid content. Thus, administration of 24(S)-saringosterol prevented cognitive decline in APPswePS1ΔE9 mice independent of effects on Aβ load and without adverse effects on liver fat content. The anti-inflammatory effects of 24(S)-saringosterol may contribute to the prevention of cognitive decline.     

Removal of the phytotoxicity of uracil herbicides in water by photodecomposition

The efficiency of a photo-oxidation procedure for the detoxication of water containing herbicides of the uracil group was tested by bioassay. Treated herbicide solutions were checked for their inhibiting effect on germination and photosynthesis in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). The treated solutions, and the main photodegradation products of bromacil and terbacil did not inhibit significantly either germination or seedling development at concentrations of up to 200 and 10 mg litre^?1, respectively. Preliminary tests with industrial waste effluents containing added uracil compounds showed that these compounds were rendered non-phytotoxic by the photo-oxidation procedure.     

Screening <Emphasis Type="Italic">A. ventricosa</Emphasis> populations for 2n gametes

Sexual polyploidization via the formation of 2n gametes has been acknowledged as the most significant evolutionary mode of polyploidization among plant species. The present study was conducted in order to determine whether 2n gametes are present in the C-genome diploid Avena ventricosa Bal. ex Coss., a species that contributed to the evolution of the cultivated hexaploid species (Avena sativa L). Individual plants belonging to four different Cypriot populations, were screened for pollen grain size variation with the aim to distinguish 2n gametes. Avena ventricosa ARI00-845 was identified to produce large pollen grains at a low percentage (1.21%). Subsequent analysis using flow cytometry confirmed the presence of 2n gametes in the pollen. Cytogenetic analyses of pollen mother cells revealed cells with twice the typical chromosome number at metaphase I (i.e., 28 chromosomes). We postulate that irregularities in cell wall formation preceding meiosis could have contributed to the mode of chromosome doubling.     

砒砂岩改良风沙土对铵态氮吸附特性影响研究

由于砒砂岩的广泛分布和煤炭资料的开发利用,晋陕蒙接壤区出现了一系列生态环境问题。为恢复区域生态,尝试利用区域内的砒砂岩来改良风沙土,以实现砒砂岩的资源化利用和受损生态系统的修复,本研究设计了风沙土中砒砂岩不同添加比例(0、10%、25%、50%、75%、90%、100%)的改良模式。研究了25℃下不同改良模式对NH+4-N吸附动力学和等温吸附特征的影响,评价了不同模型对改良土壤的适应性,以期为建立合理的氮肥施用指标和提高肥料利用率提供依据。结果表明:相同条件下,砒砂岩对NH+4-N的吸附量大于风沙土;随着砒砂岩添加比例的增加,改良土壤对NH+4-N的吸附量呈线性增加关系。砒砂岩的添加可以显著增加风沙土对NH+4-N的吸附,增加土壤供氮的持续性,提高肥料的有效性。准二级动力学模型可用于拟合改良土壤对NH+4-N的吸附动力学曲线。NH+4-N的等温吸附曲线以Freundlich模型拟合效果更优。各处理对NH+4-N的吸附均为自发过程,且为有利吸附,吸附速率由膜扩散和颗粒内扩散共同控制。     

Toxic effects of surfactants applied to plant roots

Six surfactants used as additives to pesticide sprays, were applied in aqueous solution to the roots of sorghum plants. After a few hours of exposure to the surfactant solution, ions and amino-acids leaked from the roots into the ambient solution, presumably due to a loss of membrane integrity. After 2-3 days, the plants wilted and, at high concentrations of surfactants, they died. Toxic effects varied with the surfactant and its concentration, but no clear relationship was found between the physical effect of lowering the surface tension, the release of solutes by the roots, and the injury caused to the plant. The results are of significance because of the proposed use of sewage effluents, known to contain detergents, for irrigation purposes in Israel.     

Ethephon elicits protection against Erysiphe necator in grapevine

The grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is susceptible to many pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea, Plasmopara viticola, Erysiphe necator, and Eutypa lata. Phytochemicals are used extensively in vineyards to reduce pathogen infections, but the appearance of pesticide-resistant pathogen strains and the need for environmental protection require the use of alternative strategies. The phytohormone ethylene is assumed to play a role in the development of disease resistance. In the present study, we have treated grapevine foliar cuttings (Cabernet Sauvignon) with ethylene-releasing ethephon. This resulted in an increase in the number of pathogenesis-related protein (CHIT4c, PIN, PGIP, and GLU) gene copies and in an enhancement of phytoalexin biosynthesis by inducing the PAL and STS genes that correlated with the accumulation of stilbenes (antimicrobial compounds). Moreover, ethephon treatment triggered the protection of grapevine detached leaves and grapevine foliar cuttings against Erysiphe necator, the causal agent of powdery mildew (64% and 70%, respectively). These studies emphasize the major role of ethylene in grapevine defense.