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1.
Silvia Vezzulli Antonella Vecchione Marco Stefanini Luca Zulini 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,150(2):485-495
Downy mildew is a major grapevine disease caused by the biotrophic oomycete, Plasmopara viticola. Numerous disease resistance studies of diverse Vitis germplasm have been previously carried out to identify downy mildew resistance sources; however, ratings were mainly reported using leaf disc in vitro testing and foliage field assessment, or upon leaf and cluster field evaluations. In the current study, 28 grapevine hybrid cultivars were screened using leaf disc bioassay, for disease resistance characterization of both existing and wild-collected materials. 16 hybrids were identified as highly resistant or resistant, and will serve as relevant resistance donors in future pre-breeding and breeding programs. All grapevine hybrids were evaluated for foliar and cluster downy mildew resistance in an untreated field trial over three successive years. This study showed that the leaf disc bioassay provided some information on the resistance level of the genotypes under scrutiny, but it was a weak predictor of their resistance level under field conditions on leaves and even more on bunches. These findings are relevant to future applications in both traditional and marker-assisted breeding programs which promote sustainable viticulture. 相似文献
2.
Proline and light as quality enhancers of rocket (Eruca sativa Miller) grown under saline conditions
Giancarlo Barbieri Antonella BottinoEmilio Di Stasio Simona ValloneAlbino Maggio 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011
Stress conditions experienced during growth may affect plant responses during post-harvest storage and eventually determine the overall quality of commercial products. In this context, we hypothesized that foliar applications of proline during the growth cycle and light exposure during post-harvest storage could be two important modulators of yield and quality parameters of rocket plants exposed to NaCl stress. Dry matter percentage increased upon NaCl treatment. However, fresh weight loss during storage did not change over time as a consequence of salt stress. High salinity (100 mM NaCl) moderately reduced both leaf nitrate (14%) and nitrite (3%) contents. Lipophilic (LAC) and hydrophilic (HAC) antioxidant activities also decreased by 10% at the highest salinization (average of two growth cycles). In contrast, during storage, LAC decreased whereas HAC increased. Proline applications reduced the leaf nitrate content during storage by 16%, increased carotenoids and chlorophyll contents in salinized plants and also increased the ascorbate leaf concentration in both salinized and non-salinzed plants. Light storage enhanced fresh weight loss in contrast to dark storage. However the exposure to light reduced leaf nitrate levels by 7% (average of two growth cycles) and contributed to maintain high leaf ascorbate concentrations over time. 相似文献
3.
4.
María D. del Castillo Antonella Ferrigno Iolanda Acampa Rosa C. Borrelli Agustín Olano Adolfo Martínez-Rodríguez Vincenzo Fogliano 《Journal of Cereal Science》2007,45(3):327-334
The combined effect of gluten glycation and proteolysis on the release of compounds exhibiting in vitro angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory, antioxidant and antibacterial activities was investigated. Model systems consisting of wheat gluten and glucose were heated at 120 °C for 45 min, 150 °C for 30 min and 220 °C for 30 min to produce various Maillard reaction products mimicking reactions occurring in bread crusts. Progress of the Maillard reaction was estimated through indirect measurement of Amadori compounds as 2-furoylmethyl-amino acids. Glycation was followed by digestion with Pronase E and ultrafiltration. The anti-hypertensive activity was measured as the ability to inhibit the activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme involved in hypertension regulation. The Oxygen Radical Absorbance assay was used to measure the peroxyl radical scavenging capacity of the products and their effect on microbial growth of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphlococcus aureus ATCC 25923 was also studied. Advanced products of the reaction enhanced the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of gluten hydrolysates and decreased the overall ACE inhibitory activity. Ultrafiltration provided a useful method for separating compounds (< 3000 Da) with ACE inhibitory activity and advanced Maillard reaction products (>3000 Da) which scavenged peroxyl radicals and inhibited the microbial growth. 相似文献
5.
Calucci L Capocchi A Galleschi L Ghiringhelli S Pinzino C Saviozzi F Zandomeneghi M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(13):4274-4281
Seeds of bread wheat were incubated at 40 degrees C and 100% relative humidity for 0, 3, 4, 6, and 10 days. The effects of accelerated aging on seed germinability and some biochemical properties of flour (carotenoid, free radical, and protein contents and proteolytic activity) and gluten (free radical content and flexibility) were investigated. Seed germinability decreased during aging, resulting in seed death after 10 days. A progressive decrease of carotenoid content, in particular, lutein, was observed, prolonging the incubation, whereas the free radical content increased in both flour and gluten. A degradation of soluble and storage proteins was found, associated with a marked increase of proteolytic activity and a loss of viscoelastic properties of gluten. On the contrary, puroindolines were quite resistant to the treatment. The results are discussed in comparison with those previously obtained during accelerated aging of durum wheat seeds. 相似文献
6.
Antioxidants,free radicals,storage proteins,and proteolytic activities in wheat (Triticum durum) seeds during accelerated aging 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Galleschi L Capocchi A Ghiringhelli S Saviozzi F Calucci L Pinzino C Zandomeneghi M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(19):5450-5457
Accelerated aging was performed by incubation of wheat seeds at 40 degrees C and 100% relative humidity for 3, 4, 6, 10, and 14 days. The effects of the treatment on seed germinability and on several biochemical characteristics of flour (carotenoids, free radical and protein contents, and proteolytic activity) and gluten (free radical content and flexibility) were evaluated. A decrease of germinability was found during aging, the germination being completely inhibited after 14 days. The lutein content decreased gradually, without going to zero, while that of free radicals increased. A reduction of soluble proteins and a degradation of glutenins and gliadins were observed, associated with a substantial increase of protease activity and a decrease in gluten flexibility. The results were discussed in reference to those previously obtained by natural aging of wheat seeds of the same species and cultivar. 相似文献
7.
Hypoglycemic effect of lupin seed γ-conglutin in experimental animals and healthy human subjects 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Bertoglio JC Calvo MA Hancke JL Burgos RA Riva A Morazzoni P Ponzone C Magni C Duranti M 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(7):933-938
A lupin seed γ-conglutin-enriched preparation was tested in a glucose overload trial with both murine models and adult healthy volunteers. The results with rats showed a dose-dependent significant decrease of blood glucose concentration, which confirmed previous findings obtained with the purified protein. Moreover, three test-product doses equivalent to 630, 315, and 157.5 mg γ-conglutin, orally administered 30 min before the carbohydrate supply, showed a relevant hypoglycemic effect in human trials. Insulin concentrations were not significantly affected. The general hematic parameters did not change at all.This is the first report on the glucose-lowering effect of lupin γ-conglutin in human subjects. 相似文献
8.
Martina Fabbi Antonella Volta Fausto Quintavalla Elena Zubin Sabrina Manfredi Filippo M. Martini Luciana Mantovani Mario Tribaudino Giacomo Gnudi 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2014,55(12):1163-1166
A 7-year-old dog was presented with a history of an open lesion on the right thoracic wall, discharging honey-like fluid and small stones. Ultrasonography and computed tomographic fistulography identified a cholecystocutaneous fistula; cholecystectomy was curative. Veterinarians should consider this disease in patients with long-term discharging lesions on the right thoracic or abdominal wall. 相似文献
9.
Pasqualone A Montemurro C Summo C Sabetta W Caponio F Blanco A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(10):3857-3862
Collina di Brindisi is an Italian extra virgin olive oil that obtained the mark of protected designation of origin (PDO) according to EC Regulation 2081/92. The varietal requirements of the official production protocol of this oil foresee that this oil is prepared from cultivar Ogliarola (minimum 70%) and other Olea europaea L. cultivars that are diffused in the production area, accounting for a maximum of 30%. The aim of this work was to verify the effectiveness of microsatellite analysis in verifying the identity of Collina di Brindisi PDO olive oil. A preliminary assessment of product's quality by means of chemical analyses was also carried out. Microsatellite analysis clarified that the generic name Ogliarola, indicated in the technical sheet of this PDO oil, actually corresponded to the Ogliarola salentina cultivar. Furthermore, the obtained results showed that the examination of a limited number of DNA microsatellites enables the identification of the Ogliarola salentina cultivar in this PDO oil. 相似文献
10.
Maria Teresa Melillo Paola Leonetti Antonella Leone Pasqua Veronico Teresa Bleve-Zacheo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,130(4):489-502
Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be an essential regulatory molecule in plant response to pathogen infection in synergy
with reactive oxygen species (ROS). At the present, nothing is known about the role of NO in disease resistance to nematode
infection. We used a resistant tomato cultivar with different sensitivity to avirulent and virulent populations of the root-knot
nematode Meloidogyne incognita to investigate the key components involved in oxidative and nitrosative metabolism. We analyzed the superoxide radical production,
hydrogen peroxide content, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like and nitrate reductase activities, as potential sources of
NO. A rapid NO accumulation and ROS production were found at 12 h after infection in compatible and incompatible tomato-nematode
interactions, whereas the amount of NO and ROS gave different results 24 and 48 h after infection amongst compatible and incompatible
interactions. NOS-like arginine-dependent enzyme rather than nitrate reductase was the main source of NO production, and NOS-like
activity increased substantially in the incompatible interaction. We can envisage a functional overlap of both NO and ROS
in tomato defence response to nematode invasion, NO and H2O2 cooperating in triggering hypersensitive cell death. Therefore, NO and ROS are key molecules which may help to orchestrate
events following nematode challenge, and which may influence the host cellular metabolism. 相似文献