河北丰宁云雾山森林公园种子植物区系研究

为给丰宁云雾山森林公园植物资源保护、合理利用提供理论和科学依据,以河北省丰宁县云雾山森林公园种子植物为研究对象,运用实地调查、标本采集、形态学鉴定和室内统计等方法,对该地区植物区系特征进行研究。结果表明:森林公园有野生种子植物92科338属671种(含种下分类单位,下同),其中裸子植物3科5属7种,被子植物89科333属664种;对种子植物属划分的15个分布类型进行统计得出:北温带分布成分有132属,占该区总属数(世界分布除外)的44.6%,反映出该植物区系具有明显的北温带性质;此外,该区分布着很多古老的类群和白垩纪及第三纪的孑遗植物,且单种属和寡种属共205属,占该区总属数的60.7%,说明植物起源比较古老;该区中国特有分布共7属,说明特有现象存在,但不明显。     

涂饰工艺对木质体育地板表面滑动摩擦系数的影响研究

采用正交试验法,研究涂饰工艺对木质体育地板表面滑动摩擦系数的影响,试验因素为面漆涂饰次数、涂料种类和面板砂光目数,试验测试指标为表面滑动摩擦系数。方差分析结果表明,涂料种类与测试指标呈极为显著的影响关系,水性面漆涂饰的试件表面滑动摩擦系数相对较高;其他2个因素与测试指标之间无显著影响关系。砂光目数极可能对表面滑动摩擦系数有一定影响,但这一影响关系被底漆涂饰工艺所覆盖,因此所有试件的表面滑动摩擦系数全部达到了国家标准的要求。     

马铃薯新品种—秦芋32号选育

秦芋32号(原代号:康0102-5)是2000年以秦芋30号作母本,89-1优系作父本,有性杂交获得实生种子,经育种圃、鉴定圃选育而成。2011年3月申报国家农作物品种审定委员会待审,2011年10月通过审定。2007～2009年参加国家级马铃薯品种中晚熟西南组繁种及区域试验;2010年国家西南组生产试验平均产量1 443 kg/667 m2,比对照米拉增产12.5%。块茎干物质含量18.5%、淀粉含量11.8%,Vc含量14.2 mg/100 g,还原糖含量0.29%,粗蛋白含量2.1%。抗病性接种鉴定:中抗PVX和PVY,抗晚疫病。     

茶园滴灌施肥的增产提质及土壤养分效应研究

以常规施肥作为对照,设计3个不同氮素用量(450、300、150 kg/hm2),研究了茶园滴灌施肥对茶叶产量、品质及土壤养分性状的影响。结果表明,滴灌施肥处理比对照增产3.4%～9.3%,施氮量与产量间呈明显正相关,以年施氮量300～450 kg/hm2产量较高,滴灌施肥对茶叶品质影响不显著。滴灌施肥处理成熟叶含氮量显著高于对照,且季节性差异明显,秋茶﹥夏茶﹥春茶,滴灌施肥可促进茶树对氮素的吸收利用。施肥方式对土壤pH值影响显著,滴灌施肥处理土壤pH值明显高于对照,可能因其氮素利用率较高而有助于减弱无机氮对土壤的酸化作用。     

茶树挥发性萜类物质及其糖苷化合物生物合成的研究进展

挥发性单萜（C₁₀）与倍半萜（C₁₅）,常具有宜人的花果香气。茶鲜叶中此类物质的种类及其糖苷化合物的含量和水解对成品茶的香气香型有重要影响。就可能影响茶树挥发性萜类物质及其糖苷化合物合成途径中的限速反应和相关的酶进行综述,认为1-脱氧-D-木酮糖-5-磷酸还原异构酶（DXR）和羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶（HMGR）是影响萜类代谢前体异戊烯基焦磷酸（IPP）及二甲烯丙基焦磷酸（DMAPP）的限速酶。单萜和倍半萜合成酶是挥发性萜类化合物生物合成途径中的关键酶。此外,糖基转移酶可能与茶鲜叶中糖苷态萜类香气化合物的合成和积累有关。糖苷水解酶则催化茶鲜叶中糖苷态香气物质的水解,导致香气物质的释放。调节相关基因的表达,将有可能控制萜类代谢流向挥发性萜类合成分支。本文还讨论了影响茶叶香气品质的其他因素,如茶树品种、栽培环境,以及加工方法等。     

茶树黄烷酮3-羟化酶基因(F3H)的克隆及功能分析

黄烷酮3-羟化酶(flavanone 3-hydroxylase,F3H)是类黄酮代谢途径中的关键酶。本研究采用逆转录PCR技术,获取了茶树(Camellia sinensis)F3H的开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF)包含1 107个碱基,编码含有368个氨基酸的蛋白质,推测分子量为41.46 kD,等电点为5.61;实时荧光定量PCR表明,CsF3H在叶片中表达量较高,且受光照影响;将此基因重组到表达载体PRSF上,导入大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21中进行原核表达,优化原核表达的条件,结果表明,最佳诱导温度28℃、异丙基-β-d-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)浓度1.0 mmol/L、诱导时间5 h;利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对重组蛋白进行了体外酶活的检测,结果表明,重组目的蛋白具有F3H酶活性,可将反应底物柚皮素(N)和圣草酚(E)分别转化为二氢山奈素(DHK)和二氢槲皮素(DHQ);当E作为底物时,酶活性明显高于柚皮素。本研究结果为茶树F3H酶动力学研究和其器官组织特异性研究提供了基础资料。     

油菜精量联合直播机覆秸装置设计与试验

在长江中下游稻油轮作区,前茬水稻机收后秸秆全量留田,当接茬进行油菜精量联合直播作业时,浮秸易缠绕直播机触土部件,造成机具堵塞、种子落在秸秆上难以出苗等问题。为此,结合油菜覆草种植农艺措施,提出适于油菜直播水稻秸秆覆盖还田的机械化作业方案,设计了一种与油菜精量联合直播机配套的覆秸装置。通过理论分析,确定了覆秸装置关键环节工作部件的结构参数、安装位置与安装角及工作转速范围。控制秸秆喂入量分别为0.9、1.1、1.3kg/s,进行性能测试试验,验证了理论分析确定的各部件工作转速的适宜性和秸秆输送顺畅稳定性,结果表明,当播种覆秸作业机组配套69.9kW拖拉机、前进速度0.7m/s、捡拾装置滚筒转速80r/min、集秸装置螺旋输送器转速270r/min和链式提升装置转速270r/min时,机具作业顺畅,秸秆捡拾率达到90%以上。控制均匀铺放装置转速分别为210、240、270、300、330r/min,当转速为300r/min时,秸秆覆盖均匀率最高,超过92%。田间试验表明,覆秸直播机秸秆通过性能良好,各环节工作部件作业稳定,各项设计指标均满足技术标准要求,设计的覆秸装置与油菜精量联合直播机集成,一次作业可完成水稻浮秸的捡拾、堆集、输送、覆盖以及旋耕整地、开畦沟、施肥、油菜播种等工序,适宜在水稻机收后秸秆未作任何处理的稻茬田作业。     

贮前温度处理对草莓果实贮藏特性的影响

研究了贮前不同温度处理对草莓果实贮藏特性及软化的影响。结果表明，以贮前50℃预热处理30min和5℃预冷处理30min的果实腐烂率最低；2种处理均能抑制果实呼吸强度的上升、果实中脱落酸（ABA）的生成、生长素（IAA）的下降、纤维素酶活性的上升，并延缓果实硬度的下降。     

茶树类黄酮合成与积累的组织器官特异性研究

类黄酮是茶树的主要次生代谢产物,对决定茶叶品质及其健康功效具有重要作用。利用LC-TOF/MS、qRT-PCR等技术研究了茶树类黄酮合成积累的组织器官特异性。结果显示,茶树不同器官中,鲜叶中的酚酸、儿茶素和黄酮醇化合物种类较多且含量较高,原花青素含量低但种类多,而在根中则相反。从基因表达差异上看,从鲜叶到茎到根,4CL、CHI、F3H and F3’5’H表达依次降低。酶学实验显示,从鲜叶到茎到根,DFR/LAR和ANR酶活在鲜叶和茎中无明显差异,而在根中只检测到微弱的DFR/LAR活性。在不同发育时期鲜叶中,儿茶素含量在一叶中最高,芽其次;黄酮醇的含量在一叶和二叶中较高;花青素的含量随着鲜叶发育依次减少。qRT-PCR结果显示,PAL、C4H、CHS、F3’H、 F3''5''H、DFR、LAR和ANR基因的表达与不同发育时期鲜叶中儿茶素和黄酮醇积累规律一致。酶学实验显示,随着鲜叶的发育,DFR/LAR的活性依次降低,ANR的活性呈增高趋势,它们的变化与酯型C和EGC含量趋势相吻合。     

Improvement of Appearance Traits of elite Rice Zhenshan 97B by Molecular Introgression of Targeted about 800 kb Interval from Indica Rice Jiafuzhan Genome

Rice appearance trait is mainly mean grain length (GL), grain width (GW), ratio of length and width (L/W), chalkiness (CH) and transparence (TR). Appearance is the first impression, and rice appearance traits effect significantly the value of commodity. Hybrid rice is relatively low quality, especially on rice appearance quality,which restricts partially its extend and badly export of hybrid seed and rice in China.Shanyou 63, the most famous hybrid rice combination of China, could not be also sustainable application because of its poor qualities. In this studies, We attempt to improve appearance quality of the elite rice maintainer of Zhenshan 97B by using molecular approach of genomic interval targeted introgression. Three F2 populations were constructed to study the classical and molecular genetic of rice appearance traits, at the same time, molecular marker-asisted toimprove the main maintainer line, Zhenshan 97B were performed. There some following results:Three F2 populations were constructed based on crosses of Guangluai 4×Jiafuzhan (GJ popu.), Minghui 86×Jiafuzhan (MJ popu.) and Zhenshan 97B×Jiafuzhan (ZJ popu.). ZJ popu and GJ popu were produced to reconstruct the linkage maps related with rice appearance traits based on BSA, and detect QTL of target traits based on IM.In ZJ popu, 9 QTLs of target traits were detected. The interval, RM169～RM516 on Chromosome 5, was genetic locus of GW, L/W, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 10.9%, 14.9%, 12.0% and 14.2%, respectively.RM214 on chromosome 7, RM339 on chromosome 8 were genetic loci if CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.4%, 10.0%, 11.0% and 12.1%. besides there is a genetic locus, RM347, of G/W on chromosome 3, and the explained varance was 10.3%. In GJ popu, 5 QTLs of rice appearance traits were detected. The interval, RM169-RM516 on Chromosome 5, were also the genetic loci of GW, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.0%, 12.5%, and 13.6%, respectively. RM264～RM80 on chromosome 8 was the genetic loci of GW amd L/W,and the explained variances were 14.7% and 13.4%. The genotypes of all QTLs, except RM214, from Jiafuzhan contributed to improving riee appearance traits.The research was to improve the rice appearance quality of Zhenshan 97B by introgressing QTLs of rice appearance traits from Jiafuzhan, a donor parent, by means of MAS in the process of recurrent backcrossing, 4 SSR markers were used to detect the target genotypes from donor parent, and 70 SSR primers to identify the genetic background of recurrent parent. Consequently, there were 19 target individuals in BC3, in which the mean value of GL, GW, L/W, CH and BW were 6.06±0.04mm, 2.50±0.02mm, 2.43±0.02, 29.5±2.7 and 29.4±2.7%, respectively,and the mean homologous degree (HD) to recurrent parent is up to 98.22%. Compared to Zhenshan 97B, GL, CH and BW decreased 0.17 mm, 34.9% and 34.5% respectively and however L/W increased 0.19. which accounted separately for 25.37%, 54.79%, 54.57% and 10.50% of thedifference of every trait between two parents. It is very luckly to find a individual, 13BC2-3BC3 line, whose GL, GW, G/W, CH and BW were 6.04 mm, 2.43 mm, 2.49,2.5% and 2.5% separately, There is very important signification for it to be used in hybrid rice breeding improving appearance traits. In the research, MAS efficiency of 3 loci (with 4 markers ) was 5.68% and coincident degree was 73.08%.