Summarization of Current Research on Application of Durability of Structures

This paper summarized the recent research results about the durability of structures, introduced their current application in durability design, appraisal, estimation of rest life and strategy of maintenance and strengthening as well as in other fields.     

不同覆盖措施对减少枣林休眠期土壤水分损失的影响

针对黄土丘陵半干旱区林地土壤干化缺水严重的现象,利用2012-2015年3种覆盖措施下土壤水分定位实测数据,探讨和分析全年覆盖措施对枣林休眠期土壤水分损失的影响。结果表明:休眠期是枣林地土壤水分损失的重要时期,无覆盖枣林地土壤水分损失85.64~92.34 mm,是同期降雨量的2.12倍。当地枣林地土壤水分损失的土层深度基本在0~200 cm范围。在0~200 cm范围土壤垂直剖面上,休眠期3种覆盖措施下土壤水分损失均呈现随深度增加而均匀减少的规律。休眠期0~200 cm土层秸秆覆盖、地膜覆盖和石子覆盖土壤水分总损失量分别较裸地减少38.32、50.56、40.48 mm。覆盖措施可以促进休眠期土壤水分向深层运移。     

黄土丘陵半干旱区枣林露水量研究

利用2012年和2013年叶片湿度传感器(LWS)、温湿度仪、热扩散式探针(TDP)、中子仪实测的露水强度、冠层温湿度、树干径流、土壤水分及气象站监测的气象因子,分析了枣林生育期内露水量的变化规律,探讨了其与水资源输入、输出项的关系。研究结果表明,2012年和2013年枣林露水量随生育期变化呈现递增趋势,果实成熟期达到最大值。露水总量分别为31.31、37.87 mm,分别占同期降水量、蒸腾量和蒸发量的6.87%、10.00%、17.65%和7.90%、15.00%、17.90%,露水量日平均值分别达0.44、0.47 mm。此外,露水量具有发生频率高、稳定性强、重度露水量(大于0.20 mm)比重大的特点。在枣树全生育期内,露水量作为水资源输入项会引起蒸腾量在果实膨大和成熟期显著降低(P0.05),但对蒸发量无显著影响。研究显示露水是该区枣林重要水源,是水量平衡中不可缺少的输入项。     

灌溉和生草对猕猴桃园土壤质量的影响

为探明灌溉和生草对猕猴桃园土壤质量的影响,于2016—2017年在陕西省眉县猕猴桃园试验地分别布设地面灌溉+除草(Ⅰ)、地面灌溉+自然生草(Ⅱ)、滴灌+除草(Ⅲ)和滴灌+自然生草(Ⅳ)4种处理,对试验地0～50 cm土层的土壤机械组成、物理和化学性质进行了统计分析,并利用土壤质量综合指数对土壤质量进行了评价,结果表明:与其他处理相比,Ⅲ处理使0～30 cm土层土壤容重和砂粒质量分数分别降低了0.02～0.24g·cm~(-3)和0.36%～5.25%,使土壤孔隙度、田间持水量、黏粒质量分数和土壤粒径分形维数分别增大了0.17%～7.17%、0.59%～2.53%、0.99%～7.15%和0.01～0.13;Ⅳ处理在0～30 cm土层中的速效磷和碱解氮与Ⅰ、Ⅱ处理无差异,显著高于Ⅲ处理10.75～109.55 mg·kg~(-1)和20.74～78.91 mg·kg~(-1)(P0.05),可使0～50 cm土层的速效钾、速效磷和碱解氮分别达到猕猴桃施肥标准的丰富、中等及中等水平;与其他处理相比,Ⅳ处理可使0～50 cm土层土壤黏粒质量分数增加了1.21%～2.66%,土壤粉粒质量分数减少了0.81%～1.41%,使土壤分形维数显著增加(P0.05),土壤质量综合指数最大,达0.619。因此,滴灌+自然生草(Ⅳ)的管理方式是猕猴桃园土地可持续性利用的有效措施。     

Input-output budgets for nitrogen in a typical purple soil sloping ploughland in Three Gorges areas

The Xinzheng watershed in Zhongxian county, Chongqing, is a typical purple soil sloping ploughland in the Three Gorges areas. In 2009, the input-output budgets in this watershed is investigated and the results indicate that the nitrogen input is 918.26 kg/(hm2·a) and the output are 569.46 kg/(hm2·a). Furthermore, chemical fertilizer nitrogen is the main input source, accounting for 57.63%, and the main output track is nitrogen in crops, accounting for 36.22%. In this small watershed, the nitrogen loss load is 258.77 kg/(hm2·a). And the primary lost nitrogen is gaseous species, which is approximately 65.11% of the total lost nitrogen. In addition, nutrient nitrogen balance index is 3.4 in this watershed and the nitrogen surplus load is 348.80 kg/(hm2·a), much higher than the risk value, indicating potential occurrence pollution in ploughland.     

Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Actinidia chinensis

It has been briefly studied and reported that Actinidia chinensis , one of economic woody plants, has been bred with the method of plant tissue culture. Aim at the shortage of traditional plant tissue culture ways which ignored the refinement and transplant of test-tube seedling, it strengthen the study to breeding and management of Actinidia chinensis seedlings before they grow up and become mature seedlings. Through our explore, the transplant survive rate of tissue-culture seedlings attain to about 85%.This study is the improvement to traditional breeding seedling means and it is helpful to the rapid propagation of those economic woody plants.     

水分调控对梨枣果实品质与投入产出效益的影响分析

本试验以梨枣为试验材料, 设置5 个灌水梯度(保持70%、60%、50%、40%的田间持水量和不灌水对照), 分别在梨枣萌芽展叶期、开花坐果期与果实膨大期各灌水2 次, 研究水分调控对梨枣果实品质的影响,并进行投入产出效益的比较分析。结果表明: (1)梨枣果实膨大期与开花坐果期是影响果实品质与经济效益的关键需水时期。(2)适当灌溉可以明显改善果实的风味品质与营养品质, 并显著提高梨枣树的果实单果重与果实收获数; 但灌水过多, 产量与品质未得到明显改善, 却增加了成本。(3)合理调控“高产”与“优质”的关键需水时期, 可以均衡达到“高产和优质”。综合分析认为: 对陕北梨枣树灌溉至田间持水量的60%比较适宜,既改善梨枣果实品质, 并显著提高经济产量。     

An Empirical Analysis on the Correlation between China''s Stock Market and Economic Growth

The correlation between China stock market and economic growth is always regarded by economic and financial studies. For the time limit of the developing of stock market and the difficulty of data's collection, it is still in studying that the correlation between stock market and economic growth, especially the causation versus regression. By the method of Demirguc - Kunt and Levine,this paper empirically tests the correlation between China's stock market and economic growth on the seasons serial data from 1995 to 2000. The conclusion is that the relationship economic growth between stock market is unilateral.     

Microstructures, Reaction Kinetics and Properties of Reaction Between Magnesium and Silica Glass

In earlier calculation models,the stiffness centers in frame-shear wall structures have been located by the structural torsion stiffness.However,the results are illogical owing to the difference between the distortion character and the shears distribute mechanism of the frames and shear walls.In this paper,a new formula for calculating story stiffness is introduced,which can consider the stiffness of the frames and shear walls at the same time.The structural stiffness centers,the torsion eccentric distances and torsion effect are calculated,and the stiffness of elements is considered also.It is shown that the concept of the presented stiffness model is clear and the results are reasonable,which can be used to calculate the appreciative torsion effect.