Effect of three insect-resistant maizes expressing Cry1Ie,Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj and Cry1Ab on the growth and development of armyworm Mythimna separata(Walker)

Three transgenic maize events(IE09 S034, Shuangkang 12–5 and C0030.3.5) produced Cry1 Ie, Cry1 Ab/Cry2 Aj and G10-EPSPS, Cry1 Ab and EPSPS, respectively, all of which target the Asian corn borer. The oriental armyworm Mythimna separata(Walker) is the secondary target. In this study, the effects of the three Bt maizes on the development and survival of armyworm were studied. The results showed that IE09 S034 had insecticidal activity against 1 st instar larvae, and the survival rate of armyworm fed with Bt maize for 10 days was 46.2%, significantly lower than that of the control. The larvae at 3 rd–6 th instar were more tolerant of the Bt toxin than the early instar larvae. However, Shuangkang 12-5 had good insecticidal activity against 1 st–5 th instar larvae. The mortality was nearly 100% when the larvae were fed with Shuangkang 12-5 before 3 rd instar, and the toxin had quick-acting efficacy. This event significantly inhibited the development of armyworm; that is, the larval duration of the 3 rd and 4 th instar larvae fed with Shuangkang 12-5 was prolonged by 4.5 and 3.0 days, respectively. The pupal weight and egg number were also significantly lower than those of the control. For C0030.3.5, it could control 1 st–5 th instar larvae effectively. The mortality rates were all over 50% if 1 st–3 rd larvae were fed with this event. The pupal weight of 4 th–6 th instar larvae fed with Bt maize were only 53.9, 56.8 and 54.6%, respectively, compared to that of the control. The number of eggs laid was significantly less than the control. The results indicate that all three transgenic maize events exhibit the potential to provide effective control of early instar larvae of armyworm, which can be commercialized in future to control lepidoptera pests such as Asian corn borer and armyworm.     

金竹—龙化水权冲突事件的分析与思考

水资源短缺已成为全球性危机,由争夺有限的水资源引发的水权冲突日益升级,成为严重制约国家关系和区域经济发展和社会稳定的重要因素。本文在对广东省北江流域水权冲突案例发研究中,运用利益相关者分析法对冲突的起因、过程和性质及冲突中利益相关者的利益取向、行为能力及行为方式进行了分析,探讨影响水权冲突解决的制度因素,提出相应对策建议,为进一步理解水权冲突的性质,探讨流域水冲突治理模式和治理机制提供了新的研究视角。     

荞麦属种质资源的谷草转氨酶同工酶研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对荞麦属（Fagopyrum MiH）8个种（含大粒组7个种和小粒组1个种）33份荞麦资源的谷草转氨酶同工酶进行了研究。结果发现：谷草转氨酶同工酶酶带共14条。不同物种的酶带为3～5条,甜荞和苦荞分别有3带和5条带。酶谱分析及聚类分析表明：大粒组荞麦种的酶带与F.gracilipes等小粒组荞麦种间差异极大,甜荞和苦养酶带分别与F.megaspartanium和F.pilus相似,并分别与F.megaspartanium和Epilus聚类最近,暗示F.megaspartanium和F.pilus可能分别是甜荞和苦荞的祖先种。     

转Bt基因棉对棉田寄生物非亲和效应的研究

采用分期接虫和分期回收的方法，研究常规棉与转基因棉品种棉铃虫寄生性天敌在不同棉花品种间的寄生作用。结果表明：棉铃虫第2～4代发生期以及卵期和幼虫期，转基因棉品种的棉铃虫卵、幼虫寄生率均显著低于常规棉品种。棉铃虫卵期的寄生蜂主要为拟澳洲赤眼蜂(Tricogramma confisum)，幼虫寄生蜂为棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂(Compoletis chlorideae)等。由此可见转基因棉对棉铃虫寄生性天敌存在非亲和效应。通过对转Bt基因棉国抗22及其亲本泗棉3号棉铃虫不同世代间卵、幼虫寄生率的纵向比较，发现同一品种棉花上不同世代间棉铃虫卵寄生率差异不显著，而幼虫寄生率差异显著。     

寄主植物对棉铃虫体内解毒酶活性的影响

通过离体酶活性测定 ,研究取食小麦、豌豆等寄主植物和人工饲料对棉铃虫羧酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的影响。结果表明取食不同寄主植物的棉铃虫体内羧酸酯酶活性不仅存在量的差异 ,而且存在质的差异 ,寄主植物对棉铃虫谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶活性有显著影响     

施用有机肥对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响

施用有机肥是循环农业的典型措施,能够净化环境、保证食品安全、加强土壤的可持续利用。本文以中国农业大学曲周试验站长期设施蔬菜地为研究对象,试验已进行6年,共设单施有机肥、有机无机配施与无机肥3种施肥处理。结果表明:施用有机肥处理的土壤有机C含量显著高于有机无机配施和无机肥处理107.02%、171.71%;干筛分析表明有机肥处理下的土壤非水稳性团聚体的平均重量直径(WMD)和几何平均直径(GMD)值均显著高于有机无机配施与无机肥65.68%、4.18%和16.80%、8.26%;湿筛结果也表明有机肥处理下的土壤水稳性团聚体WMD、GMD值显著高于有机无机配施与无机肥41.12%、34.78%和77.78%、63.16%;0~20 cm耕层有机肥处理增加了土壤分散系数,而20~40 cm耕层有机肥处理显著降低了土壤分散系数。在蔬菜有机栽培中单施有机肥可增加土壤有机C、非水稳性团聚体、水稳性团聚体及耕层下微团聚体含量,是改良土壤结构的有效措施。     

山地区域小尺度土地类型划分与结构分析——以云南省永胜县顺州乡为例

从土地发生学与结构学的角度出发,通过对山地区域土地分异规律的研究,运用景观法的原理建立了土地类型划分体系,选取地形地貌、土壤与植被条件作为土地类型划分的主要分异因素,在此基础上,对云南省永胜县顺州乡土地进行了类型划分,并分析了土地类型的空间结构与数量结构,以期为土地利用与生态建设等提供参考依据。     

不同饲养环境合作猪脂肪组织生脂基因 mRNA表达水平的比较研究

合作猪是生长在高寒草原以放牧为主的珍稀高原型猪种,为了探讨其品种特性的分子机制,分析测定了原产地合作猪及长期在不同环境和饲养条件下异地饲养合作猪脂肪组织脂肪生成的关键酶脂肪合成酶(FAS)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)1和转录因子固醇调控元件结合蛋白(SREBP)-1c、碳水化合物调控元件结合蛋白(ChREBP)mRNA表达水平,并与杜×大×长三元杂交猪进行了对比。试验结果发现,合作猪脂肪组织FAS、ACC1及ChREBP mRNA水平显著低于三元杂交猪(P<0.05),在长期异地饲养后,这些基因mRNA表达水平提高(P<0.05),而SREBP-1c mRNA表达水平在3个群体中没有明显变化(P>0.05)。结果提示,合作猪由于对低能量、低碳水化合物粗饲的长期适应,表现出脂肪组织生脂基因表达水平较低的生理学特性。     

卷叶螟绒茧蜂寄生棉大卷叶螟的行为及其与寄主密度的关系

卷叶螟绒茧蜂Apanteles derogatae Watanabe是棉大卷叶螟Sylepta derogata Fabricius幼虫期的一种重要内寄生蜂,对棉大卷叶螟种群有较好的控制作用。在实验室条件下,运用人工接虫观察法研究卷叶螟绒茧蜂对棉大卷叶螟幼虫的寄生行为。结果表明,该蜂搜寻寄主的时间平均为2．38 min,处理寄主的时间仅需0．86 min;寄生寄主的最适龄期为寄主2龄幼虫;对1龄幼虫的致死率达32%,但其寄生率仅为16%,其余16%的个体为穿刺致死。饲喂蜂蜜水能显著增加该蜂的产卵量,延长其产卵历期和增强其穿刺能力。寄生蜂的寄生能力与寄主密度的关系呈抛物线型:在寄生蜂均为16头/m~3雌蜂条件下,当寄主密度从80头/m~3增加到320头/m~3时,寄主的被寄生个体数随之增加,但当寄主密度超过320头/m~3后,寄主的被寄生个体数反而随寄主密度的上升呈下降趋势。     

绿豆抗旱指标鉴选与评价

采用人工盆栽控水试验,对21份绿豆种质资源进行抗旱期综合评价,鉴选绿豆品种抗旱性指标体系。结果表明,与绿豆抗旱性相关的10个指标经主成分分析被分为3个主成分,其中茎高、茎粗、结荚数、叶面积、叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量与绿豆抗旱性密切相关。采用聚类分析,并结合绿豆隶属函数法综合分析,将21份绿豆品种分成：强抗旱品种为‘良丰1号’、‘HX04037’和‘榆绿1号’,中抗旱性品种为‘嫩绿1号’、‘兴绿1号’、‘天山大明绿’、‘西绿1号’、‘绿宝绿豆’、‘赤绿3号’、‘白绿1号’、‘中绿1号’、‘晋绿1号’、‘八宝绿豆’、‘中绿6号’、‘鑫绿1号’和‘HX04050’,弱抗旱性品种为‘冀北12-1号’、‘绿珍珠2号’、‘ZKY-2’、‘白绿522’和‘邯绿8号’。