干燥介质相对湿度对胡萝卜片热风干燥特性的影响

为了探究相对湿度和阶段降湿对热风干燥过程的影响,该文在干燥温度60℃、风速3.0 m/s条件下,研究了相对湿度(20%、30%、40%、50%)及第一阶段相对湿度50%保持不同时间(10、30、60、90 min),第二阶段相对湿度20%下,胡萝卜片的干燥特性和温度变化规律;利用Weibull分布函数对干燥曲线进行拟合并分析干燥过程,结合尺度参数估算水分有效扩散系数;基于复水比、色泽、干燥时间和能耗对不同相对湿度条件下的干燥过程进行评价。研究结果表明:相对湿度保持恒定条件下,干燥速率先上升后下降,且相对湿度越低干燥速率越大。降低相对湿度有利于缩短干燥时间,热风相对湿度20%比50%条件下干燥时间缩短了27.6%;分段降湿干燥条件下,热风相对湿度50%保持30min后降低为20%,其干燥时间比相对湿度恒定为20%条件下缩短了18.5%,干燥过程出现2个升速阶段;Weibull分布函数可以很好地描述胡萝卜恒定湿度和阶段降湿干燥过程。尺度参数α范围在1.864~3.635 h之间,形状参数β值在1.296~1.713之间,水分有效扩散系数在1.17×10-9~2.92×10-9 m2/s之间。对绿红值、复水率、能耗和干燥时间进行综合评价显示,热风相对湿度50%保持30 min干燥条件下绿红值最高为41.4,能耗相比于恒定相对湿度20%条件下减少了6.0%,复水比较高为3.81,综合评分较高为0.91。该文揭示了干燥介质相对湿度对胡萝卜片干燥特性的影响规律,对于优化干燥介质湿度控制策略以提高干燥速率和品质,降低干燥能耗提供了科学依据和技术支持。     

病害胁迫下玉米LAI遥感反演研究

为了在病害发生条件下进行玉米LAI的遥感估算,针对41个不同抗性的玉米自交系品种,通过人工接种方法,获得了不同病害严重程度(1～9级)的LAI数据,同时采集了地面高光谱和无人机多光谱数据,构建了K近邻算法、支持向量机、梯度提升分类树和决策分类树分类模型对病害进行分类,对玉米种质资源抗病性进行了划分。基于不同玉米病害胁迫程度分类结果,采用随机森林回归、梯度提升回归树、极端梯度增强算法、轻量梯度提升机4种机器学习模型对玉米LAI进行反演,讨论了不同模型在病害胁迫下的鲁棒性。研究结果表明,对不同生育期玉米病害程度进行划分,基于地面高光谱识别精度分别为84.72%(梯度提升分类树)、47.67%(支持向量机)、55.05%(K近邻算法)、83.02%(决策分类树)。基于病害分类结果,本文利用无人机多光谱数据估算了不同病情等级胁迫下的玉米LAI。构建了4种集成学习模型对不同病情等级的LAI进行估算,4个LAI反演模型的总体反演精度(rRMSE)分别为：19.11%(梯度提升回归树)、15.94%(轻量梯度提升机)、14.51%(随机森林回归)和15.45%(极端梯度增强算法)。其中极端梯度增强算...     

Deep neural network algorithm for estimating maize biomass based on simulated Sentinel 2A vegetation indices and leaf area index

Accurate estimation of biomass is necessary for evaluating crop growth and predicting crop yield.Biomass is also a key trait in increasing grain yield by crop breeding.The aims of this study were(i)to identify the best vegetation indices for estimating maize biomass,(ii)to investigate the relationship between biomass and leaf area index(LAI)at several growth stages,and(iii)to evaluate a biomass model using measured vegetation indices or simulated vegetation indices of Sentinel 2A and LAI using a deep neural network(DNN)algorithm.The results showed that biomass was associated with all vegetation indices.The three-band water index(TBWI)was the best vegetation index for estimating biomass and the corresponding R2,RMSE,and RRMSE were 0.76,2.84 t ha−1,and 38.22%respectively.LAI was highly correlated with biomass(R2=0.89,RMSE=2.27 t ha−1,and RRMSE=30.55%).Estimated biomass based on 15 hyperspectral vegetation indices was in a high agreement with measured biomass using the DNN algorithm(R2=0.83,RMSE=1.96 t ha−1,and RRMSE=26.43%).Biomass estimation accuracy was further increased when LAI was combined with the 15 vegetation indices(R2=0.91,RMSE=1.49 t ha−1,and RRMSE=20.05%).Relationships between the hyperspectral vegetation indices and biomass differed from relationships between simulated Sentinel 2A vegetation indices and biomass.Biomass estimation from the hyperspectral vegetation indices was more accurate than that from the simulated Sentinel 2A vegetation indices(R2=0.87,RMSE=1.84 t ha−1,and RRMSE=24.76%).The DNN algorithm was effective in improving the estimation accuracy of biomass.It provides a guideline for estimating biomass of maize using remote sensing technology and the DNN algorithm in this region.     

Estimating maize seedling number with UAV RGB images and advanced image processing methods

Precision Agriculture - Accurately identifying the quantity of maize seedlings is useful in improving maize varieties with high seedling emergence rates in a breeding program. The traditional...     

Quantifying effect of tassels on near-ground maize canopy RGB images using deep learning segmentation algorithm

Precision Agriculture - Vegetation indexes (VIs) are a key variable for monitoring the crop growth and estimating crop productivity. The spectral traits of the tassels were significantly different...     

保幼激素类似物ZR_（512）对蜜蜂蜂王胚后发育的调控作用

在蜜蜂人工育王过程中，用保幼激素类似物ＺＲ５１２滴注于王台内蜂王浆中的方法，研究ＺＲ５１２对蜂王发育的调控作用．每只蜂王幼虫ＺＲ５１２的滴注量分别为０．０１、０．１０、１．００μｇ．三种处理蜂王的未封盖幼虫期，中华蜜蜂分别为１２３．３、１２６．７、１２３．５ｈ，分别比对照组（１１４．４ｈ）延长９．０、１２．３、９．１ｈ，差异显著或极显著（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）；意大利蜜蜂分别为１１６．０、１１５．０、１１５．０ｈ，分别比对照组（１１１．３ｈ）延长４．７、３．７、３．７ｈ，差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）．蜂王幼虫封盖后的发育期，中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂分别为１６２．６—１６４．９ｈ和１７７．２—１８０．４ｈ，各处理组与对照组的差异均不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）．由此可见，ＺＲ５１２能够显著延长蜜蜂蜂王的幼虫取食期，促使蜂王在胚后发育阶段的超常发育．这是ＺＲ５１２促进蜂王初生重增加的主要原因．在幼虫期施加保幼激素类似物ＺＲ５１２，对蜂王封盖期的发育无影响．     

Estimation of water productivity in winter wheat using the AquaCrop model with field hyperspectral data

Water productivity (WP) is a key element of agricultural water management in agricultural irrigated regions. The objectives of this study were: (i) to estimate biomass of winter wheat using spectral indices; (ii) integrate the estimation of biomass data with the AquaCrop model using a lookup table for higher accuracy biomass simulation; (iii) show estimation accuracy of the data assimilation method in yield and WP. Spectral variables and concurrent biomass, yield and WP of samples were acquired at the Xiaotangshan experimental site in Beijing, China, during the 2008/2009, 2009/2010, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 winter wheat growing seasons. The results showed that all spectral indices had a highly significant relationship with biomass, especially normalized difference matter index, with R² and RMSE values of 0.84 and 1.43 t/ha, respectively. Simulation of biomass and yield by the AquaCrop model were in good agreement with the measured biomass and yield of winter wheat. The results showed that the data assimilation method (R² = 0.79 and RMSE = 0.12 kg/m³) could be used to estimate WP. The result indicated that the AquaCrop model could be used to estimate yield and WP with the aid of remote sensing for improving agricultural water resources management.     

基于时间序列环境卫星影像的作物分类识别

环境星影像具有较高的时间和空间分辨率,利用其时序遥感数据进行作物信息提取优势明显。该文以黑龙江垦区友谊农场作物为研究对象,利用2010年6月至9月共10景HJ-CCD数据进行作物种植分类信息提取。首先,通过SPLINE算法对云影响区域插值去噪,重构时间序列影像数据;其次,通过分析试验区主要作物的光谱和植被指数时序变化特征,构建基于决策树分层分类的主要作物遥感分类模型,成功提取了黑龙江友谊农场大豆、玉米和水稻的种植信息,分类总体精度达到96.33%。同时,将分类结果同基于时间序列植被指数影像的支持向量机和最大似然法分类结果相比较,结果表明,决策树分类效果最好,支持向量机次之,最大似然分类较差。研究表明,通过去云处理后构建的时间序列HJ卫星遥感影像,结合作物的光谱和典型植被指数时序变化特征,借助于决策树分类方法能够有效提高黑龙江垦区主要种植作物分类的准确性和精度。     

我国林业鼠(兔)害发生现状及防治技术研究进展

林业害鼠(兔)是我国4大类林业有害生物之一,对林业生产和生态建设造成严重危害,探讨其分布范围、发生现状及防治措施对保护我国森林资源具有重要的理论和实践意义.文中论述了我国林业害鼠(兔)的主要种类、发生现状、分布范围、危害程度,并简要回顾了不同防治措施的发展历程,总结归纳了取得的防治效果及近年来涌现出的新技术、新药剂,指...