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排序方式: 共有62条查询结果,搜索用时 13 毫秒
1.
Myxoma virus (MV) is a poxvirus that evolved in Sylvilagus lagomorphs, and is the causative agent of myxomatosis in European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). This virus is not a natural pathogen of O. cuniculus, yet is able to subvert the host rabbit immune system defenses and cause a highly lethal systemic infection. The interaction of MV proteins and the rabbit immune system has been an ideal model to help elucidate host/poxvirus interactions, and has led to a greater understanding of how other poxvirus pathogens are able to cause disease in their respective hosts. This review will examine how MV causes myxomatosis, by examining a selection of the identified immunomodulatory proteins that this virus expresses to subvert the immune and inflammatory pathways of infected rabbit hosts. 相似文献
2.
The incidence of caseous lymphadenitis in Alberta sheep and assessment of impact by vaccination with commercial and experimental vaccines.
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K Stanford K A Brogden L A McClelland G C Kozub F Audibert 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1998,62(1):38-43
In Alberta, caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is one of the leading causes of lamb and mutton carcass condemnation. In this study, serologic results confirmed a high (50-94%) incidence of exposure to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, the causative agent of CLA, in mature, unvaccinated sheep in southern Alberta. To assess the efficacy and impact of vaccination with 2 commercial (Glanvac-6 and Case-Vac) and 1 experimental (WC+ MDP-GDP) CLA vaccines, a series of 3 field trials in 3249 ewes and lambs was conducted in affected flocks from 1992-1996. Efficacy was assessed from the serological response to vaccination, prevalence and size of injection site reactions by treatment, and the incidence of CLA abscesses. Overall, agglutinating antibody titres to C. pseudotuberculosis in lambs vaccinated with WC+MDP-GDP and Case-Vac remained significantly elevated above nonvaccinated control lambs for the 12 mo period after the initial vaccination. Lambs vaccinated with the WC/MDP-GDP maintained higher titres (P < 0.06) than those vaccinated with Case-Vac for the period from 6 to 12 mo after vaccination. Agglutinating antibody titres for lambs vaccinated with Glanvac did not differ from those of controls at any point during the 12 mo period after vaccination. The number of injection site reactions was elevated in lambs vaccinated with Glanvac as compared to those vaccinated with WC+MDP-GDP but the size of injection site reactions did not significantly differ. Sheep vaccinated with WC+ MDP-GDP also had a reduced incidence of putative CLA abscesses, although confirmation of the presence of C. pseudotuberculosis was only successful in a small number of instances. 相似文献
3.
Cryopreservation of Piau‐Breed Wild Boar Sperm: Assessment of Cooling Curves and Centrifugation Regimes
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HH Shiomi RO Pinho DMA Lima JB Siqueira MCR Santos EV Costa PS Lopes SEF Guimarães JD Guimarães 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(4):545-553
This study aimed to assess the effects of different cooling curves and centrifugation regimes used in cryopreservation protocols on the post‐thaw viability of Piau‐breed wild boar (Sus scrofa) sperm using in vitro assessment tests. Two centrifugations (800 g for 10 min and 2400 g for 3 min) and two cooling curves (conventional cooling using nitrogen vapour – freezing 1 and automated cooling using a programmed freezing machine – freezing 2) were tested. Therefore, the treatments were divided into M3 – centrifugation at 2400 g for 3 min and freezing 2; M10 – centrifugation at 800 g for 10 min and freezing 2; R3 – centrifugation at 2400 g for 3 min and freezing 1; and R10 – centrifugation at 800 g for 10 min and freezing 1. No significant differences (p > 0.05) between treatments occurred post‐thawing regarding the total sperm motility means recorded. The mean values of the different treatments were not different from each other regarding the supravital staining (SV), hypo‐osmotic test (HO), sperm–egg binding assay or sperm morphology. This study showed that both the cooling curve and the centrifugation regime affected the quality of post‐thaw sperm, and centrifugation for shorter times and cooling curves using automated cooling are the most suitable for minimizing sperm injury. 相似文献
4.
5.
Cécile Stanford Jia-Qian Jiang Mohammad Alsheyab 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,209(1-4):483-488
This paper presents a comparative study of the performance of ferrate(VI), FeO 4 2? , and ferric, Fe(III), towards wastewater treatment. The ferrate(VI) was produced by electrochemical synthesis, using steel electrodes in a 16 M NaOH solution. Domestic wastewater collected from Hailsham North Wastewater Treatment Works was treated with ferrate(VI) and ferric sulphate (Fe(III)). Samples were analysed for suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and P removal. Results for low doses of Fe(VI) were validated via a reproducibility study. Removal of phosphorous reached 40% with a Fe(VI) dose as low as 0.01 mg/L compared to 25% removal with 10 mg/L of Fe(III). For lower doses (<1 mg/L as Fe), Fe(VI) can achieve between 60% and 80% removals of SS and COD, but Fe(III) performed even not as well as the control sample where no iron chemical was dosed. The ferrate solution was found to be stable for a maximum of 50 min, beyond which Fe(VI) is reduced to less oxidant species. This provided the maximum allowed storage time of the electrochemically produced ferrate(VI) solution. Results demonstrated that low addition of ferrate(VI) leads to good removal of P, BOD, COD and suspended solids from wastewater compared to ferric addition and further studies could bring an optimisation of the dosage and treatment. 相似文献
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7.
Nadeau JH Balling R Barsh G Beier D Brown SD Bucan M Camper S Carlson G Copeland N Eppig J Fletcher C Frankel WN Ganten D Goldowitz D Goodnow C Guenet JL Hicks G Hrabe de Angelis M Jackson I Jacob HJ Jenkins N Johnson D Justice M Kay S Kingsley D Lehrach H Magnuson T Meisler M Poustka A Rinchik EM Rossant J Russell LB Schimenti J Shiroishi T Skarnes WC Soriano P Stanford W Takahashi JS Wurst W Zimmer A;International Mouse Mutagenesis Consortium 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,291(5507):1251-1255
8.
Cushing A McClean M Stanford M Lohe T Alcantar BE Chirife AD 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2011,42(4):713-717
The use of 0.025 +/- 0.012 mg/kg (median +/- interquartile range) thiafentanil with 0.15 +/- 0.03 mg/kg xylazine (TX) and 0.011 +/- 0.0015 mg/kg carfentanil with 0.25 +/- 0.093 mg/kg xylazine (CX), with dosages based on estimated bodyweight, was used in the anesthesia of 37 Tibetan yak (Bos grunniens) housed within a drive-through animal park setting. The median time to lateral recumbency was 5 and 7 min for each group, respectively. With the addition of propofol in 8 CX animals and 17 TX animals, the anesthetic plane was suitable for a wide range of procedures. The median time to standing recovery following administration of naltrexone was 4 +/- 3.5 min with TX and 7 +/- 1.5 min with CX. There was one fatality and one case of renarcotization in the TX group. Overall, the dosages used in the study provided a reliable and useful anesthetic induction protocol, with TX animals demonstrating a more rapid induction and recovery with less cardiac depression than CX animals. 相似文献
9.
K. Stanford T.A. McAllister T. Reuter W. Xu J.R. Moyer F.J. Larney 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(3):158-165
During disease outbreaks, composting has been used to safely dispose of carcasses and infectious solid manure. However, optimized methods have not been established to use liquid manure (> 80% water content, WC) from dairies as the substrate for mortality composting. In April of 2007, a 3×2 factorial study was conducted in wooden compost bins (240 × 240 × 140 cm) lined with 0.5 mm plastic to a height of 50 cm. Three levels (LO, 95 kg; MED, 236 kg; HI, 606 kg wet wt.) of liquid manure (91% WC) were applied to barley straw containing a single calf mortality (avg. wt 130 kg). Compost temperature and carcass degradation were evaluated in each bin over 52 d. As an indication of compost efficiency, viability of 4 types of weed seeds (wild buckwheat, Polygonium convolvulus L, BW; dandelion, Taraxacum officinale, DL; stinkweed, Thlaspi arvense L., SW; and wild oat, Avena fatua, WO) was determined from seeds retained at the laboratory (Control) or from those placed in sealed nylon bags (50 μm pore size) embedded at 3 locations in each bin. Initial C: N ratios ranged from 58:1 (HI) to 68:1 (LO), while initial WC was 64, 52 and 42% for the HI, MED and LO treatments, respectively. Rate of compost heating and peak temperature (58.6 vs. 46.5°C) was increased (P < 0.05) for HI as compared to LO. Rate of temperature decline was lower (P < 0.05) and calf decomposition was visibly superior for HI as compared to LO. Viability of WO was eliminated by all compost treatments, but that of BW increased (P < 0.05) in MED and LO as compared to Control. Although HI did not eliminate BW viability, this treatment showed the the most promise for incorporating liquid manure as a substrate in contained mortality compost. 相似文献
10.
B B Coetzee G D Stanford D A Davis 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1987,54(1):79-82
A strain of Boophilus decoloratus, resistant to fenvalerate, was subjected to larval immersion, adult immersion and stall tests using the following classes of ixodicides: organochlorines, organophosphates, a diamidide and pyrethroids. A susceptible reference strain of B. decoloratus was used for comparative purposes. The results indicated a high level of resistance to DDT and camphechlor, slight tolerance to dioxathion, chlorfenvinphos and pirimiphos ethyl, full susceptibility to bromophos ethyl and amitraz, but marked resistance to cyhalothrin, cypemethrin, deltamethrin and flumethrin. This marked resistance in the strain therefore appears to be widespread within the pyrethroid group of chemicals and may have developed as a result of organochlorine cross-resistance. 相似文献