辽东山区落叶松人工纯林诱导复层林更新试验

对辽宁东部山区落叶松人工纯林进行不同行状间伐试验,并在采伐迹地进行云杉幼树更新试验,试验结果发现:落叶松纯林经过行状间伐,草本层生物多样性显著增加,林地土壤持水力增强,增幅为4.4%～16.7%.不同更新行数试验的云杉幼树年均高生长量、冠幅生长量、地径生长量、总生物量大小变化明显,伐2行栽1行型与全光对比分别减少了27.4%、12.7%、21.7%、4.1%,而伐3栽2型分别增加了3.6%、0.8%、4.3%、15.8%.伐后保留带落叶松的生长得到了促进,2 a后落叶松的胸径、单株材积都比同龄落叶松纯林大,伐2栽1型与伐3栽2型增幅分别为2.7%～8%、4.6%～16.7%;高生长变化不明显.     

蠡湖渔业资源群落多样性的初步研究

研究蠡湖渔业资源的种群组成结构特点,了解蠡湖渔业资源多样性的变化规律.2007年7-12月问,在蠡湖设置了10个采样点,通过采样调查,分析了蠡湖渔业资源种类和优势种以及群落多样性.结果表明:调查期间,青梢红鲌和湖鲚是各个监测站点的优势品种;各个站点生物多样Shannon-Wiener指数介于2～3之间,依此判定蠡湖渔业资源群落的多样性和丰富度属于正常水平.生物多样性具有季节性,7、8月的生物多样性指数和其它月份有明显差异,而各个监测站点间没有明显的差异性.     

Biodiversity of figs (Ficus carica l.) in Coruh valley of Turkey

The Coruh valley lies within the Caucasus ecological zone, which is considered by the World Wild Fund for Nature and by Conservation International as a one of the biodiversity hotspot in the world. The valley is also recognized by Turkish conservation organizations as an important plant area, an important bird area, a key biodiversity area and has been nominated as a high priority area for protection. This valley is rich in plants and contains 104 nationally threatened plant species of which 67 are endemic to Turkey. Fig (Ficus carica L.) is one of the most important wild edible fruit tree along with pomegranate and olive in the valley. Figs have been used for fresh consumption for centuries and also an important element of natural landscape of the valley. The valley abundantly has black, purple and yellow-green fruited fig trees. In this study we determined some important tree, leaf and fruit morphological characteristics of 50 selected wild grown fig accessions naturally found in the valley. The results showed that the investigated morphological traits of fig accessions displayed significant differences each other. Principal coordinate analysis showed that diversity among the accessions was high and the accessions had black and yellow-green colored fruits were the most diverse groups.     

Comparison of drip and sprinkler irrigation strategies on sunflower seed and oil yield and quality under Mediterranean climatic conditions

This study compares the effects of different irrigation regimes on seed yield and oil yield quality and water productivity of sprinkler and drip irrigated sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) on silty-clay-loam soils in 2006 and 2007 in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. In sprinkler irrigation a line-source system was used in order to create gradually varying irrigation levels. Irrigation regimes consisted of full irrigation (I₁) and three deficit irrigation treatments (I₂, I₃ and I₄), and rain-fed treatment (I₅). In the drip system, irrigation regimes included full irrigation (FI-100), three deficit irrigation treatments (DI-25, DI-50, DI-75), partial root zone drying (PRD-50) and rain-fed treatment (RF). Irrigations were scheduled at weekly intervals both in sprinkler and drip irrigation, based on soil water depletion within a 0.90 m root zone in FI-100 and I₁ plots. Irrigation treatments influenced significantly (P < 0.01) sunflower seed and oil yields, and oil quality both with sprinkler and drip systems. Seed yields decreased with increasing water stress levels under drip and sprinkler irrigation in both experimental years. Seed yield response to irrigation varied considerably due to differences in soil water contents and spring rainfall distribution in the experimental years. Although PRD-50 received about 36% less irrigation water as compared to FI-100, sunflower yield was reduced by an average of 15%. PRD-50 produced greater seed and oil yields than DI-50 in the drip irrigation system. Yield reduction was mainly due to less number of seeds per head and lower seed mass. Soil water deficits significantly reduced crop evapotranspiration (ET), which mainly depends on irrigation amounts. Significant linear relationships (R² = 0.96) between ET and oil yield (Y) were obtained in each season. The seed yield response factors (ky_seed) were 1.24 and 0.86 for the sprinkler and 1.19 and 1.06 for the drip system in 2006 and 2007, respectively. The oil yield response factor (ky_oil) for sunflower was found to be 1.08 and 1.49 for both growing seasons for the sprinkler and 1.36 and 1.25 for the drip systems, respectively. Oil content decreased with decreasing irrigation amount. Consistently greater values of oil content were obtained from the full irrigation treatment plots. The saturated (palmitic and stearic acid) and unsaturated (oleic and linoleic acid) fatty acid contents were significantly affected by water stress. Water stress caused an increase in oleic acid with a decrease in linoleic acid contents. The palmitic and stearic acid concentrations decreased under drought conditions. Water productivity (WP) values were significantly affected by irrigation amounts and ranged from 0.40 to 0.71 kg m⁻³ in 2006, and from 0.69 to 0.91 kg m⁻³ in 2007. The PRD-50 treatment resulted in the greatest WP (1.0 kg m⁻³) and irrigation water productivity (IWP) (1.4 kg m⁻³) in both growing seasons. The results revealed that under water scarcity situation, PRD-50 in drip and I₂ in sprinkler system provide acceptable irrigation strategies to increase sunflower yield and quality.     

瓜叶菊上美洲斑潜蝇的生物学特性及蛹的耐寒性研究

1 材料与方法 1．1 材料 供试植物为宁夏西夏区甜菜所温室大棚种植生长良好的瓜叶菊、黄瓜、翠菊、豌豆等。供试昆虫是用上述大棚种植瓜叶菊在实验室饲养的美洲斑潜蝇。     

早晚熟油菜的RAPD分析及特异片段的克隆

以油菜晚熟植株(RG-8)及其早熟突变株系(RG-8M)叶片为材料,利用优化的RAPD反应体系对145条10 bp的随机引物进行了筛选,其中S265扩增得到1条RG-8特异性片段.将这条差异片段回收、克隆及测序,获得686 bp的序列.序列分析结果表明,这个片段与白菜型油菜和萝卜中的部分核苷酸序列同源性较高,均达到80%以上.由这个序列推导出的氨基酸序列与拟南芥中的shikimate kinase(莽草酸激酶)具有66%的同源性.该RAPD标记可以用来作为区分早晚熟油菜的-个指标.     

提高小麦航天诱变效率的研究

利用小麦高世代品系龙辐02K883和龙辐00-387为试材,进行航天搭载试验。结果表明：航天搭载对种子发芽、出苗和生长有明显的促进作用,第二代农艺性状变异更为广泛,为后代材料的选择提供了更多机遇。针对目前小麦航天育种存在的变异率低的问题而影响小麦的育种效果,采取了卫星搭载前硼酸溶液浸种和搭载后EDTA（辐射损伤修复抑制剂）溶液的处理,以提高小麦的变异。通过探索卫星搭载与未搭载小麦的变异差异,进行优异种质资源的筛选。     

伊春国有林区林权制度改革发展现状存在问题及对策

从4个方面分析论述了伊春国有林区林权制度改革发展现状、存在的问题及对策。     

优势棉花组合F2代农艺性状变异及其利用价值评估

The agronomic property of elite cotton hybrid F2 was studied and the results showed that each investigated trait showed consecutive normal dislribution except micronaire,so they were typically quantitative characters controlled by micro-effect polygene. Heterosis analysis indicated that the inbreeding depression of F2 generation Was significant,and the heterosis Was less than F1 in yield and its component traits, but the yield of F2 generation was prior to the control.Heterosis of most fiber property was very low,some of which were negatively significant. The entire variations indicated that the segregation of fiber property trait was objective and abundantin F2 population.