不同海拔条件下耐冷性粳稻品种的稻米淀粉RVA谱特性

以4个强耐冷性粳稻品种和5个弱耐冷性粳稻品种为材料,比较分析了云南高原粳稻区不同海拔条件下不同耐冷性粳稻品种的稻米淀粉RVA谱变化特征。随种植海拔的升高,弱耐冷性品种的消减值明显增大,峰值黏度和崩解值显著减小,而强耐冷性品种的峰值黏度和崩解值呈先降后升趋势,消减值则表现先升后降趋势。强耐冷性品种的稻米淀粉RVA谱特性受海拔变化的影响较弱耐冷性品种小,蒸煮食味品质表现相对稳定,但弱耐冷性品种的蒸煮食味品质随海拔升高明显呈变劣趋势。     

冷水胁迫对云南粳稻育成品种农艺性状的影响*

 以11个云南粳稻育成品种为试验材料,研究冷水胁迫对水稻农艺性状的影响以及品种耐冷性与农艺性状冷水反应的关系。结果表明,农艺性状的冷水反应不仅与品种有关,也与具体的农艺性状有关。冷水胁迫使株高、穗实粒数、结实率、单株产量和着粒密度极显著降低（P＜0.01）,穗长和剑叶长极显著缩短（P＜0.01）,剑叶宽度极显著变窄（P＜0.01）,剑叶与穗下节间的夹角极显著变小（P＜0.01）,一次和二次枝梗数极显著减少（P＜0.01）,有效穗极显著增加（P＜0.01）,而千粒重不因冷水胁迫发生明显变化（P＞0.05）。相关分析表明,水稻成熟期综合耐冷性与结实率呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01）,而结实率又与株高和单株产量冷水反应呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）。综合考虑供试品种的耐冷性,云粳19号、云粳20号、云粳优1号和云粳优15号耐冷性较强,可作育种亲本利用,以提高水稻品种的耐冷性。     

Effect of Cold-Water Irrigation on Grain Quality Traits in japonica Rice Varieties from Yunnan Province, China

The response of grain quality traits to cold-water irrigation and its correlation with cold tolerance were studied in 11 japonica rice varieties from Yunnan Province, China. The results indicated that the response of grain quality traits to the cold-water stress varied with rice varieties and grain quality traits. Under the cold-water stress, grain width, chalky rice rate, whiteness, 1000-grain weight, brown rice rate, taste meter value, peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown viscosity and final viscosity significantly decreased, whereas grain length-width ratio, head rice rate, alkali digestion value, protein content and setback viscosity markedly increased. However, the other traits such as grain length, amylose content, milled rice rate, peak viscosity time and pasting temperature were not significantly affected by the cold-water stress. Significant correlations were discovered between phenotypic acceptability and cold response indices of taste meter value, protein content, peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity. Therefore, it would be very important to improve the cold tolerance of Yunnan rice varieties in order to stabilize and improve their eating quality.     

冷水胁迫对云南粳稻品质性状的影响

 以11个云南粳稻品种为试验材料,研究冷水胁迫对稻米品质性状的影响以及水稻耐冷性与品质性状冷水反应的相关关系。结果表明,品质性状的冷水反应不仅与品种有关,也与具体的品质性状有关。冷水胁迫使粒宽、千粒重、垩白粒率、精米白度、糙米率、味度值、最高黏度、最低黏度、崩解值、最终黏度显著或极显著降低,使长宽比、整精米率、碱消值、蛋白质含量和消减值极显著增加,而粒长、精米率、直链淀粉含量、到达最高黏度时间（峰值时间）和起浆温度不因冷水胁迫发生明显变化。相关分析表明,成熟期综合耐冷性与稻米的味度值、蛋白质含量、最高黏度和崩解值的冷水反应指数具有显著或极显著相关性。因此,提高育成品种的耐冷性对稳定和改善稻米食味品质具有重要作用。     

云南高原粳稻与韩国粳稻品质特性比较分析

对10个韩国粳稻品种和10个云南粳稻品种进行了品质特性比较及相关性分析。云南粳稻和韩国粳稻在外观及碾磨品质指标中的粒宽、长宽比方面存在显著差异,云南粳稻比韩国粳稻籽粒细长;透明度、垩白粒率、糙米率、精米率、整精米率差异不显著。云南粳稻的直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量显著或极显著高于韩国粳稻,而味度值则相反,碱消值差异不显著。 韩国粳稻的最高黏度值、崩解值极显著高于云南粳稻,消减值极显著低于云南粳稻。 相关分析表明,直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量与消减值呈极显著正相关,与最高黏度值、最低黏度值、崩解值及最终黏度值呈显著或极显著负相关,味度值与淀粉RVA谱特征值则表现出相反的相关性,即与消减值呈负相关,而与最高黏度值、最低黏度值、崩解值呈正相关。针对试验结果,对改良云南粳稻品质的途径进行了探讨。