-蒎烯合成2-羟基-3-蒎酮的研究

研究了高锰酸钾氧化α-蒎烯合成2-羟基-3-蒎酮的工艺条件,对助溶剂等影响因素进行了探讨,较优工艺条件为:以叔丁醇为助溶剂,不改变pH值,温度0-5℃,KMnO4与α-蒎烯的物质的量比为1.7:1～1.8:1,先加α-蒎烯后加KMnO4.所得2-羟基-3-蒎酮采用IR、MS、1H NMR、3C NMR进行了表征,产率达60%,与文献相同,助溶剂改用叔丁醇后回收率＞90%,高于原用助溶剂丙酮(回收率70%).     

A survey of the causes of mortality in adult mink, with emphasis on the lactation period

A study of the pattern and relative frequency of diseases in adult female mink during the lactation period was undertaken. All adult females that died between parturition (April/May) and July 1, 1990, from 48 farms in southern Ontario were selected for study, and the cause of death was determined by gross necropsy. In addition, the cause of death was determined by gross necropsy for all adults and weaned kits that died on one farm between April 1988 and March 1989.

The mortality rate among farms in the 1990 study, for adult females during the lactation period, ranged from 0.2% to 10.1%, with a median of 1.9%. Nursing disease (56%) was the most common diagnosis, followed by mastitis (11%), metritis (8%), and dystocia (7%). Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. were the most frequent isolates from the cases of mastitis. In the 1988/1989 study, the mortality rate was highest from May to July, with a large increase in June as a result of nursing disease.

     

Influence of organic phosphorus on reproductive performance and metabolic profiles of anoestrous Farafra ewes in subtropics at the end of breeding season

The effect of organic phosphorus on metabolic, haematological and hormonal status, restoration of ovarian functions and conception rate in anoestrous Farafra ewes in subtropics were evaluated. Anoestrous Farafra ewes (n  = 24; 34.72 ± 0.52 kg body weight) were allocated into two equal groups: control and phosphorus groups. The ewes of phosphorus group were treated with sodium 4‐dimethylamino‐2‐methyl‐phenyl‐phosphonate as an organic bound phosphorous twice a week for successive 3 weeks. Ovarian follicle development and corpora lutea were checked three times a week till occurrence of oestrus using ultrasonography while pregnancy was confirmed at 30 days post‐service. Plasma metabolites, reproductive hormones, thyroid hormones and minerals were detected at weeks ?2, ?1, 0 (mating day) and + 4 weeks post‐oestrus. Phosphorus group had significantly (p  < .05) short interval to oestrous resumption if compared to control ewes (2.1 ± 0.8 weeks vs . 4.6 ± 1.1 weeks). In addition, phosphorous supplementation significantly (p  < .05) increased the number of antral follicles (developed and their sizes in addition to sizes of corpora lutea (8.72 ± 0.3 mm vs . 7.46 ± 0.9 mm) as well. Number of services per conception (2.6 vs . 1.4; p  < .01) was higher in control group than that of phosphorus group. Pregnancy rate (80 vs . 50%) was significantly (p  < .01) higher in phosphorus group when compared to control. White blood cells in treated ewes (10.8 ± 0.44; p  < .05) and monocytes (2.93 ± 0.13; p  < .01) were higher than that of control group (white blood cells; 9.53 ± 0.50 and monocytes; 2.24 ± 0.14). Metabolic parameters did not differ between phosphorus and control groups during different times of treatment. It could be concluded that phosphorous administration to anoestrous Farafra ewes in subtropics could improve reproductive performance and restore ovarian activity at the end of spring and early summer.     

不同欧李品种(系)光合与水分利用特性比较

以9种不同欧李品种(系)为试材,使用GFS3000光合测定系统测定了自然条件下叶片的光合和水分利用特性。结果表明:9种欧李品种(系)的净光合速率(Pn)、叶片气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、蒸腾比率(TR)、水分利用效率(WUE)均存在差异;在新疆生产建设兵团第十四师二二四团的生长环境下,Pn与Gs、Tr、WUE呈极显著正相关关系,而与Ci、TR呈极显著负相关关系;Ci与TR呈极显著正相关相关关系,与WUE呈极显著负相关关系;Gs与Tr呈极显著正相关关系,与TR呈显著负相关关系;Pn最高的"宏宇Ⅵ号"其WUE较高,但不是最高;WUE最高的"宏宇Ⅰ号"其Pn较高,但不是最高;"01-01号"的Pn和WUE均最低,其它品种(系)的Pn和WUE均处于中等水平,不同的欧李品种(系)通过不同方式协调自身的光合和水分利用来适应生长的环境。     

鸡公山自然保护区芳香植物资源调查研究

鸡公山自然保护区内芳香植物资源丰富,经初步调查,共计26科106种,其中裸子植物4科11种,被子植物22科95种。论述了鸡公山自然保护区芳香植物的种类、分布及精油提取部位,对其开发利用提出了建议。     

大兴区特色农业产区土壤养分评价及空间特征

基于北京大兴区耕地质量等级调查评价成果,按《土地质量地球化学评价规范》(DZ/T 0295—2016)补充采样调查测试,开展研究区特色农业产区土地质量地球化学评价.结果表明,研究区特色农业产区土壤养分综合等级主要以二等为主,面积为10266.18hm2,占特色农业产区总面积的53.67％;土壤环境质量总体优良,土地质量状况整体良好.特色农业产区土地质量地球化学评价结果可揭示特色农业产地土地质量等级以及重要土地问题,为区域特色农产品与生态农业开发等提供依据.     

玉米多胞质雄性不育杂交种冀玉988的选育及利用

不育化制种主要在于保证杂交种子的质量及降低其生产成本。多胞质杂交种的利用主要拓宽胞质异质性，增强杂交种对环境的适应能力与防范小斑病菌新的专化小种的严重为害。本研究以优良玉米新品种冀玉988（6048×黄选921．6）为背景，以s组的s，M，R与21A及C组的Rb，Bb与Es雄性不育细胞质（CMS）为试材，将母本6048转育成同核异质体，不育性稳定。父本921．6对21A，s与R三种CMS具有强恢复性。本研究论证了多胞质杂交种在生产上利用的可行性。冀玉988已配制成具有恢复性能的多胞质雄性不育杂交种，可用于生产。     

Effects of feeding schedule on body condition, aggressiveness, and reproductive failure in group-housed sows

A total of 208 sows and 288 gilts (PIC line C29) were used to determine the influence of feeding frequency (2 vs. 6 times/d, floor fed) on performance and welfare measurements on a commercial sow farm. Treatments consisted of feeding similar amounts of feed to each sow (2.5 kg) or gilt (2.05 kg) over 2 (0700 and 1530) or 6 times daily (0700, 0730, 0800, 1530, 1600, and 1630). There were 8 sows or 12 gilts in each pen. Gilts and sows were moved to pens 1 to 4 d after breeding. In sows, there were no differences (P > 0.10) in ADG, backfat change, or variation in BW. There was a trend (P < 0.08) for sows fed twice daily to farrow more total pigs born, but number born alive or other reproductive performance traits were not different (P > 0.10) among treatments. Sows fed 6 times per day had increased vocalization during the morning (P < 0.07) and afternoon (P < 0.01) feeding periods compared with sows fed twice daily. Sows fed twice daily had more skin (P < 0.01) and vulva (P < 0.04) lesions as well as a small increase in feet and leg (P < 0.01) and hoof (P < 0.02) problems. In this commercial facility, the standard management protocol required moving gilts to a different gestation facility on d 42. On d 42, two pens of gilts with similar breeding dates and treatment were combined and moved to another facility with larger pens until farrowing. Gilts fed 6 times daily had a tendency for greater ADG (P < 0.07) from d 0 to 42 and a tendency for greater (P < 0.09) backfat on d 42. After movement to the larger groups from d 42 to farrowing, ADG was similar (P > 0.10) for gilts fed 2 or 6 times daily. Gilts fed twice daily had lower BW variation at d 42 (P < 0.04) and tended to at farrowing (P < 0.10). In gilts, there were no differences (P > 0.10) for reproductive performance, skin and vulva lesions, and feet and leg scores. In conclusion, there were few growth, farrowing, or aggression differences among gilts fed 2 or 6 times daily. This suggests that either feeding method is suitable for group-housed gilts. Among sows, feeding frequency resulted in few growth or farrowing performance differences. Feeding 6 times daily resulted in a small but significant reduction in skin and vulva lesions and structural problem scores while increasing vocalization. Increasing the feeding frequency from 2 to 6 times daily does not appear to have a negative or positive impact on performance or welfare of group-housed gilts and sows.