日粮抗氧化剂减少肉鸡的腹水症

低死亡率和较高的饲料利用率 ,看来是鸡抗氧化状态得到改善的结果。增高日粮维生素E的含量并应用有机硒可减少肺高压 (腹水症 )引起的死亡。     

Synchronization of oestrus with prostaglandins

Luteolytic doses of the Tham salt of PGF₂ or one of its synthetic analogues cause premature regression of, the corpus luteum between the 5th and the 16th day of the oestrous cycle, inducing, 2 to 4 days after the injection, endcrine changes similar to a normal lultolysis and oestrus. After insemination at the time of this oestrus or at predefined times 72 to 96 hours after the injection, fertility is similar to that in controls. The paractical use of prostaglandins for the synchronization of oestrus in a herd of randomly cyclic animals takes account of the fact that only animals between the 5th and the 16th day respond to an injection. Various techniques are proposed, notably a double injection with an interval of 10–12 days.

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Kurzfassung Luteolytische Dosen eines Tham'schen Salzes von PGF₂, oder einer dessen synthetischen Analogen bringen vorzeitige Regressionen des corporis lutei zwischen dem 5ten und dem 16ten Tage hervor. Als Folge dieser Regressionen entwickeln sich innerhalb 2 bis 4 Tage nach der Einspritzung endokrine Veränderungen, die der normalen Luteolyse und Brunst ähnlich sind. Nach einer Besamung zur Zeit dieser Brunst oder zu vorherbestimmten Zeiten und zwar 72 und 92 Stunden nach der Einspritzung wird die gleiche Frunchtbarkeit wie in unbehandelten Kontrollen beobachtet. Nur ein Teil einer zyklischen Herde reagiert auf Prostaglandin, und es werden daher verschiedene Methoden der Viehwirtschaftsführung zur Überwindung dieses Problems erörtert, wie auch den Gebrauch einer Doppeleinspritzung von Prostaglandin mit einem 10 bis 12 tägigen Abstand zwischen den Behandlungen.

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Resume Les doses lutéolytiques de sel Tham de PGF₂ ou d'un de ses analogues synthetiques causent une reégression prématurée du corps jaunne entre le 5ème et le 16ème jour du cycle provoquant, 2 à 4 jours après l'injections, des changements endocriniens semblales à une lutéolyse normale et à un oestrus. Après l'insémination au moment de cet oestrus ou à des temps prédéfinis de 72 à 96 heures après l'injection, la fertilité est semblable à celle des animaux témoins non traités. L'utilisation pratique des prostaß-landinesd pour la synchronisation des chaleurs dans un troupoeau de femelles cyclées tient compte du fait que seules les femelles entre le 5ème et 16ème jour du cycle répondent à une injection. Différentes techniques sont proposées, notamment la double injection à 10–12 jours d'intervalle.

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Riassunto Le dosi luteolitiche del sale Them PGF₂ o di uno dei suoi analoghi sintetioi causano una regressione prematura del corpo giallo tra il 5^o ed il 16^o giorno del ciclo provooando, dopo un periodo che va dai 2 ai 4 giorni dall'iniezione, dei cambiamenti endocrini simili ad una luteolisi normale o ad un estro. Dopo l'inseminazine, nel momento di questo estro oppure in tempi predeterminati, in un periodo compreso tra 72 e 96 ore dopo l'iniezione, la fertilità è simile a quella jdegli animali di controllo non trattati. L'utilizzazione poratioa della prostaglandine per la sincronizzazione dei oalori in una mandria di femmine cicliche dimostra che le femmine rispondono all'iniezione soltanto tra il 5^o ed 16^o giorno del ciclo. Si propongono diverse techniche, in poarticolasre la doppia iniezione ad un intervallo di 10–12 giorni.

     

Induction of Defense Gene Expression and the Resistance of Date Palm to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Albedinis in Response to Alginate Extracted from Bifurcaria bifurcata

In many African countries, the Bayoud is a common disease spread involving the fungus Fusarium oxusporum f. sp. albedinis (Foa). The induction of plant natural defenses through the use of seaweed polysaccharides to help plants against pathogens is currently a biological and ecological approach that is gaining more and more importance. In the present study, we used alginate, a natural polysaccharide extracted from a brown algae Bifurcaria bifurcata, to activate date palm defenses, which involve phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), a key enzyme of phenylpropanoid metabolism. The results obtained showed that at low concentration (1 g·L⁻¹), alginate stimulated PAL activity in date palm roots 5 times more compared to the negative control (water-treated) after 24 h following treatment and 2.5 times more compared to the laminarin used as a positive stimulator of plant natural defenses (positive control of induction). Using qRT-PCR, the expression of a selection of genes involved in three different levels of defense mechanisms known to be involved in response to biotic stresses were investigated. The results showed that, generally, the PAL gene tested and the genes encoding enzymes involved in early oxidative events (SOD and LOX) were overexpressed in the alginate-treated plants compared to their levels in the positive and negative controls. POD and PR protein genes selected encoding β-(1,3)-glucanases and chitinases in this study did not show any significant difference between treatments; suggesting that other genes encoding POD and PR proteins that were not selected may be involved. After 17 weeks following the inoculation of the plants with the pathogen Foa, treatment with alginate reduced the mortality rate by up to 80% compared to the rate in control plants (non-elicited) and plants pretreated with laminarin, which agrees with the induction of defense gene expression and the stimulation of natural defenses in date palm with alginate after 24 h. These results open promising prospects for the use of alginate in agriculture as an inducer that triggers immunity of plants against telluric pathogens in general and of date palm against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis in particular.     

Evaluation of peripheral lymphoreticular biopsy techniques and their clinical side effects in sheep

Tissue samples were collected postmortem from 126 sheep at five lymphoreticular sites by different techniques. The three most successful combinations of sites and techniques were: the third eyelids, using a forceps and scissors, which provided a mean (se) of 5.32 (0.70) lymphoid follicles per 5 microm tissue section, a mandibular lymph node, using a Biopty gun, which gave 1.19 (0.26) lymphoid follicles per 5 microm tissue section, and tonsil, using a biopsy forceps, which gave 1.14 (0.27) lymphoid follicles per 5 microm tissue section. These three techniques were repeated once a month for five months on five sheep under general anaesthesia, and their clinical effects were compared with five control sheep which were restrained and anaesthetised in the same way but from which no biopsies were taken. Most lymphoid follicles (3.47 [0.58] per 5 pm tissue section) were obtained by using the third eyelid biopsy technique. There were no clinical side effects associated with the biopsy procedure. There were increases in the plasma concentration of cortisol in all the animals, suggesting that the restraint and anaesthesia were more stressful than the biopsy procedure.     

Treatment of rupture of suspensory ligament and superficial flexor tendon in a bull

Rupture of the suspensory ligament at the insertions on the proximal sesamoid bones, and of the superficial flexor tendon of the left fore limb, occurred in an adult Angus bull as a result of fighting. There was severe hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint with the dewclaws almost touching the ground. Radiographs revealed severe hyper-extension of the MCP joint with the sesamoid bones aligned directly distal to the metacarpus. Initially, a full length fiberglass cast was applied with the limb partially flexed within the cast and the heels elevated. The cast was replaced twice. The cast was removed after 136 days and the bull was bearing full weight on the limb. Prolonged immobilisation of the limb produced new bone in the area (a normal response in cattle) to cause ankylosis of the traumatized MCP joint and partial ankylosis of the carpus. The bull was being used for pasture breeding one year after the injury.     

Mechanical comparison of materials used for extra-capsular stabilisation of the stifle joint in dogs

Objective The mechanical properties of three materials (No. 2 polypropylene, No. 5 polybutilate-coated multifilament polyester and 18, 27 and 36 kg test monofilament nylon leader material) commonly used for extra-capsular stabilisation of the stifle in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency were determined. The ability of No. 5 polybutilate-coated multifilament polyester and 36 kg test monofilament nylon leader material, when placed as extra-capsular sutures, to mitigate cranial drawer was evaluated in hindlimbs of cadavers. Design An in vitro mechanical study. Animals Seven pairs of hindlimbs harvested from adult greyhound dogs recently euthanased for other reasons. Procedure Samples of each material, including samples of 27 kg test leader material that had been sterilised by one of three methods (ethylene oxide, one or five cycles in an autoclave), were loaded to determine tensile and stress relaxation properties. The effect of cyclic loading on a No. 5 polybutilate-coated multifilament polyester and 36 kg test leader material was also determined. Using the harvested hindlimbs, cranial drawer was measured before and after transection of the cranial cruciate ligament and on the first and twelfth cycle following extra-capsular stabilisation with either No. 5 polybu-tilate-coated multifilament suture or 36 kg test leader material. Results Leader material was found to have the most suitable mechanical characteristics for use as extracapsular stabilisation of the cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifle. Of the sterilisation methods, ethylene oxide was found to have the least detrimental effects on the handling and material characteristics of the leader material. Stifles stabilised with 36 kg test leader material had significantly less drawer than those stabilised with No. 5 polybutilate-coated multifilament polyester suture. Clinical implications Monofilament nylon leader material would appear to have suitable mechanical properties for extra-capsular stabilisation of the cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifle. If possible the material should be sterilised using ethylene oxide.     

Resorcylic acid lactone as an anabolic agent in cattle

This paper discusses the use of resorcylic acid lactone as an anabolic agent in cattle. When given to finishing steers it increases daily gain by 10–18% and final carcass weight by 6–10 kg. When given to finishing steers in conjunction with trenbolone acetate, there is an additive response in terms of growth rate and carcass weight. The final carcass weights were 310±2.1, 319±2.0, 316±2.0 and 328±2.0 for unimplanted steers, or steers implanted with resorcylic acid lactone or trenbolone acetate or a combination of both compounds respectively. Responses in finishing steers in spring at pasture were similar to responses obtained in winter. In male calves, average liveweights at the end of a 134-day experimental period were 123, 142 and 140 kg (SE ± 5.4 kg) respectively for control calves or calves given resorcylic acid lactone or a combination of resorcylic acid lactone and trenbolone acetate. After a further 134 days grazing together these calves weighed 271, 294 and 297 kg (SE ± 7.9 kg) respectively, indicating that the extra gain was retained once the implants ceased to be effective. No significant effect on daily gain or carcass weight of heifers was obtained in our trials with resorcylic acid lactone. Results from feed efficiency trial indicated resorcylic acid lactone significantly increased feed efficiency. Therefore, resorcylic acid is an effective growth promoter in male castrate cattle.