国外建设现代畜牧业的基本做法及我国现代畜牧业的模式设计

世界各国由于自然经济条件差异较大,在畜牧业现代化过程中逐步形成了不同的模式和道路。国外现代畜牧业的模式有:现代草地畜牧业、大规模工厂化畜牧业、适度规模经营畜牧业和集约化经营畜牧业。那么,我国现代畜牧业的模式应该是什么?     

Prognostic factors in cats with chronic kidney disease

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in cats. HYPOTHESIS: Some baseline variables are associated with shorter survival times in cats with CKD. ANIMALS: Client-owned cats. METHODS: Cats with CKD with initial plasma creatinine concentration > or =2.0 mg/dL and urine specific gravity (USG) < or = 1.025 were recruited into a prospective clinical trial that compared benazepril with a placebo. We describe baseline variables in 190 cats and their influence on renal survival time in the placebo group (95 cats), which was followed for up to 1,097 days. Renal survival time was defined as the time from initiation of therapy to the need for parenteral fluid therapy, euthanasia, or death related to renal failure. RESULTS: Of the 95 cats treated with a placebo, 58 were censored and 37 reached the renal survival end point (died, n = 0; euthanized, n = 17; parenteral fluids, n = 12; parenteral fluids followed by euthanasia, n = 8). Increased plasma creatinine concentration, increased urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC), and increased blood leukocyte count were significantly (P < .01) associated with a shorter renal survival time and were independent risk factors. Increased concentrations of plasma phosphate or urea, and lower blood hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit were significantly (P < .01) associated with a shorter renal survival time and were dependent risk factors, because they also were significantly (P < .01) correlated with plasma creatinine concentration at baseline. CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Several variables were significantly associated with a shorter renal survival time in cats with CKD.     

Myxoma virus in the European rabbit: interactions between the virus and its susceptible host

Myxoma virus (MV) is a poxvirus that evolved in Sylvilagus lagomorphs, and is the causative agent of myxomatosis in European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). This virus is not a natural pathogen of O. cuniculus, yet is able to subvert the host rabbit immune system defenses and cause a highly lethal systemic infection. The interaction of MV proteins and the rabbit immune system has been an ideal model to help elucidate host/poxvirus interactions, and has led to a greater understanding of how other poxvirus pathogens are able to cause disease in their respective hosts. This review will examine how MV causes myxomatosis, by examining a selection of the identified immunomodulatory proteins that this virus expresses to subvert the immune and inflammatory pathways of infected rabbit hosts.     

鄂尔多斯高原北部沙区主要植被类型下土壤要素的空间分析

鄂尔多斯北部沙区存在着极为显著的风沙地貌,在此格局基础之上,特别是在植被与土壤的相互响应过程中,二者的相互关系逐渐密切,这种反馈作用使得该区域的植被与土壤要素形成的空间分布格局具有一定的耦合性。研究这种关系可以为该地区保护植被和合理利用土地资源提供科学依据。     

加拿大美国林业考察报告

本文介绍了加拿大、美国的林业发展、森林培育、森林经营等状况,并对吉林省林业的建设与发展提出了建议。     

丁雌核发育鱼的异源精子诱导及其与亲本的RAPD比较分析

鱼类人工雌核发育的研究始于20世纪50年代,在随后的50年里发展迅速。雌核发育可以为纯系建立、性别控制、基因定位等研究提供一种有效途径,乃鱼类遗传育种研究工作活跃领域之一[1-3]。丁(Tincatinca)隶属于鲤科、雅罗鱼亚科、丁属,是一种广温性鱼类(0～37℃)。主要分布于欧洲,在我国仅分布于新疆额尔齐斯河流域[4]。由于丁雌鱼生长比雄鱼快,Linhart等[5]对其人工诱导雌核发育和雌核发育子代性逆转进行了研究。但到目前为止,与其他大多数鱼类雌核发育研究工作一样,尚未获得功能性雄鱼。本研究旨在对丁人工雌核发育条件进行探索,…     

钼对滇重楼生长、养分和总皂甙含量的影响

采用盆栽试验,设4个施钼水平,即0、0.2、0.4、0.8 mg/kg,研究了施钼对滇重楼生长、养分元素含量和根茎总皂甙含量的影响。结果表明,与不施钼相比,施钼显著提高了滇重楼株高、光合速率、生物量和根茎产量,分别以0.4、0.2、0.4、0.2mg/kg处理最高。中低施钼水平（0.2、0.4mg/kg）下,叶和新根茎氮含量呈增加的趋势,高施钼水平（0.8mg/kg）可显著降低叶和新根茎氮含量;施钼降低了叶和新根茎中的磷含量,但增加了地上茎中的磷含量;施钼增加了叶中钾含量,但降低了茎中钾含量。各施钼处理叶、地上茎、新根茎中钼含量均显著高于不施钼处理;随施钼水平的增加,各部位钼含量呈先增加后降低的趋势。与不施钼相比,各施钼处理新根茎中总皂甙含量显著增加,以Mo 0.8 mg/kg处理最高。综合考虑滇重楼生长、药用部位生物量累积、钼和总皂甙含量,本试验条件下,以施Mo 0.2～0.4 mg/kg较为适宜。     

海南岛尖峰岭热带林生态系统研究*Ⅰ.热带北缘生物基因库 Ⅱ.生态系列研究

本文系1979—1986年采用本底调查、小区实验和定位观测等方法对海南岛尖峰岭热带林生态系统进行多学科综合研究的总报告。本报告共分7部分:世界热带北缘的丰富的生物基因库;生态系列研究;热带林水热状况;热带林物质循环;游耕农业生态后果;热带林采伐后的更新与演替。长期本底调查查明本区有植物1668种,隶属 198科798属;已知昆虫26目 4000余种,已知大型真菌260种。对由海滨至主峰的滨海有刺灌丛、稀树草原、半落叶季雨林、常绿季雨林、山地雨林,山顶苔藓矮林所构成的生态系列进行了组成、结构、土壤、林分生长等特征及其形成的自然地理环境进行了综合性比较研究。     

AMT换挡机构载荷谱的采集及分析

为考核新开发的机械式自动变速器(AMT)换挡机构及其关键零部件在实际路面冲击载荷下的疲劳强度,通过合理布置传感器,在湖北襄樊试验场和用户实际使用路面对AMT目标部位进行了道路载荷谱的采集.通过不同工况下载荷谱数据的采集以及后期的编辑与处理,得到了AMT换挡机构在路面随机激励下载荷谱的时域和频域统计特征,总结了不同路面和车速状态下振动能量的分布规律,分析了冲击载荷对电控换档机构疲劳强度的影响.为AMT换挡机构的室内模拟试验、CAE计算以及试验规范的制定等提供了重要的基础数据.